CAMPBELL BIOLOGY W/MASTERINGBIO CODE >
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781323573457
Author: Campbell
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 54.4, Problem 3CC
WHAT IF? Ø Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island equilibrium model, how would you expect the richness of birds on islands to compare with the richness of snakes and lizards? Explain.
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. Simulations 4-6 had lower density of birds (more spacing), how did this influence their ability to escape predation? With more spacing, which number of Junco’s was most advantageous (4, 8, and 16)? Ecologically explain this result.
If this flock of birds occurred in an area with low food availability what flock density would you predict? Explain how food availability impacts flock size/competition.
Was there a relationship between prop. Vigilance (proportion of birds looking up right before Hawk attack) and the rate at which they escaped predation?
Was there a relationship between Mean vigilance (average number of birds looking up each tick) and the rate at which the Junco’s the escaped predation? Was there a relationship between Mean vigilance and the number of birds in the flock?
What If? Data from additional studies showed that when soapberrybug eggs from a population that fed on balloon vine fruits were then rearedon goldenrain tree fruits (or vice versa), the beak lengths of the adult insectswere most similar to those in the population from which the eggs were initiallyobtained. Interpret these results.
WHAT IF? Suppose the digger wasp had returned to her original nest site,despite the pinecones having been moved. What alternative hypotheses mightyou propose regarding how the wasp finds her nest and why the pineconesdidn’t misdirect the wasp?
Chapter 54 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY W/MASTERINGBIO CODE >
Ch. 54.1 - Explain how competition, predation, and mutualism...Ch. 54.1 - According to the principle of competitive...Ch. 54.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 24.14 illustrates how a...Ch. 54.2 - What two components contribute to species...Ch. 54.2 - How is a food chain different from a food web?Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 54.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Rising atmospheric CO2, levels...Ch. 54.3 - Why do high and low levels of disturbance usually...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.3 - WHAT IF? Most prairies experience regular fires,...
Ch. 54.4 - Describe two hypotheses that explain why species...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 54.4 - WHAT IF? Based on MacArthur and Wilson's island...Ch. 54.5 - What are pathogens?Ch. 54.5 - WHAT IF? Rabies, a viral disease in mammals, is...Ch. 54 - Interspecific interactions affect the survival and...Ch. 54 - Based on indexes such as Shannon diversity, is a...Ch. 54 - Is the disturbance pictured in figure 54.25 more...Ch. 54 - How have periods of glaciation influenced...Ch. 54 - Prob. 54.5CRCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 54 - The principle of competitive exclusion states that...Ch. 54 - Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,...Ch. 54 - According to the island equilibrium model, species...Ch. 54 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The most plausible hypothesis to explain why...Ch. 54 - Community 1 contains 100 individuals distributed...Ch. 54 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 54 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Explain why adaptations of...Ch. 54 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 54 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS In Batesian...Ch. 54 - Prob. 14TYU
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- Grasshopper's environment pressures: What obstacles in regard to finding food, habitat, climate, mating? How does it deal with these pressures?arrow_forwardWHAT IF? In the deserts of New Mexico, the soils aremostly sandy, with occasional regions of black rockderived from lava flows that occurred about 1,000 yearsago. Mice are found in both sandy and rocky areas, andowls are known predators. What might you expect aboutcoat color in these two mouse populations? Explain. Howwould you use this ecosystem to further test the camouflage hypothesis?arrow_forwardA follow-up study indicated that the effect of environmental stochasticity on extinction risk was negatively correlated with body size (i.e., larger shrews were less affected by environmental variation). Does this make biological sense? Why or why notarrow_forward
- What would it mean if apredator removal experiment yielded theopposite results from those shown in Figure 54.5—that is, numbersof surviving moths increased where predators were not removed?arrow_forwardWHAT IF? Mice that experience stress such as a foodshortage will sometimes abandon their young. Explainhow this behavior might have evolved in the context ofreproductive trade-offs and life history.arrow_forwardNeed help Multiple choice Fewer than 3% of animals engage in direct care of their offspring. When might the benefits of parental care outweigh the costs? Choose the correct option and Explain why you choose that answer. a) All of the options. b) Species that feed on resources with high foraging effort (e.g., smaller insect prey versus larger insect prey). c) Species with highly immature young, for instance those with large brains that have long learning periods. d) Species with limited breeding opportunities.arrow_forward
- Female mimicry by males occurs in many species. For example, in the Broadley’s flat lizard (Platysaurus broadleyi), some males have the brown coloration of females while others are far more colorful (Whiting et al. 2009). Female mimics do secure some matings in the territories of their larger, more colorful rivals. Why are the bigger males (and those of the marine isopod Paracerceis sculpta) ever fooled into tolerating a female mimic? Why do female mimics occur in any species if the mating success of these individuals is lower than that of the bigger territorial males? Don't write from any online source..arrow_forwardUse Verbal description of results from graph and then Interpret the graph for Foraging in Mixed Species Flocks sccenario in foraging lab. The interpretations must include Were the results expected and Did they support the hypotheses? If so, state the biological significance of the results from graph. If the results deviated significantly from expected results, discuss the hypotheses onthe basis of expected results and include an explanation of why this might be so. Lastly, state the conclusions drawn from the experiment and their biological relevance. Hypothesis: the assumption underscores the enhancement of foraging efficiency associated with the establishment of mixed-species flocks, emphasizing the advantages of cooperation and safety in numbers.arrow_forwardThe relationship between predator and prey populations has been studied by computer simulation using equations which form part of a mathematical model devised by Lotka and Volterra. The data in Table 6.10 show the results of such a simulation when the prey population begins with 20 individuals and the predator population begins with six individuals. 1.Explain why the peaks in the predator population occur after those in the prey population. 2. This simulation assumes one prey species and one predator species in an imaginary ecosystem and is based on mathematical equations. Why is it likely to be too simplistic to describe accurately what happens in nature?arrow_forward
- Do the following two hypothesis supports their graphs? Explain. Figure 1: The hypothesis for novice vs. experienced foraging is that animals who have been foraging for ages should have a greater chance of survival than beginner foragers since they are more skilled and invest less time looking for food. Figure 2: The hypothesis behind the impact of Prey camouflage is that if animals, especially novice foragers, take too much time searching, they are visible to predators for long durations, providing a better chance to attack.arrow_forwardFitness and Selection: Rodent tails A researcher is studying a rodent species with a lot of variability in tail length. Individuals may have short tails, medium tails, or long tails. The researcher has noticed that a new invasive predator, which catches prey by their tails as they try to escape, seems to catch individuals with long tails more often than those with short tails. Based on a small field trial, the relative fitness of long-tailed individuals seems to be 0.6 compared to short-tailed ones (1.0), with medium tails in-between (0.8). Use the Examples tab to predict the outcome after selection for the rodent in regions with the invasive predator. What describes the population after 100 generations of selection? Choose all that apply. A-Short Tailed individuals are the most common phenotype. B-Short Tailed individuals are the only phenotype. C-This is an example of disruptive selection. D- The long tailed phenotype is no longer present E-This is an example of directional…arrow_forward1. What are the 4 examples of social behaviour among species according to Herron and freeman (2015). Discuss one example of each types of interaction. And lastly, explain one problem related to the concept of coevolution. Give an example.arrow_forward
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