Type of Study. Determine whether the following studies are observational studies or experiments. If the study is an experiment, identify the control and treatment groups, and discuss whether single-or double-blinding is necessary. If the study is observational, state whether it is a case-control study, and if so, identify the cases and controls.
37. In a study of the effects of magnets on back pain, some participanis were treated with magnets while others were given nonmagnetic objects with a similar appearance. The magnets did not appear to be effective in treating back pain (Journal of the American Medical Association).
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Using & Understanding Mathematics: A Quantitative Reasoning Approach (7th Edition)
- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 2.4 0.2 2.5 3.5 1.6 1.7 2.7 4.3 2.7 3.4 2 3.4 0.5 1.2 5.2 5.1 2.4 2.3 4 3.5 1.8 0.3 4.1 3.8 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met.F-ratio: _____p-value: _____What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of α=0.05. (Select one): There is sufficient evidence that…arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 0.3 1.2 2.2 1.8 3.8 1.7 1.4 2.8 3.2 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.3 1.2 1.6 2.6 2 3.2 1.6 2.2 0.6 1.2 1.6 1 2.7 1 2.2 0.6 1.4 1.6 3.3 2.7 2.2 2.9 3.7 2.6 0.9 0.7 3.4 3.1 2.6 1.7 0.8 1.8 2 1.4 1.6 4.1 1.7 0.9 3.3 2.3 1.6 1.1 3.5 1.4 3.5 1.9 0.4 4.2 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.9 1.4 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 3.9 1.5 2.7 0.8 1.5 1 3 2.1 3.7 1.5 0.9 2.4 1.9 2.7 3.2 0.8 2.7 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.2 2.4 1.7 3.2 1.3 2.2 2.4 1.1 1 2.6 2…arrow_forward
- Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 2.2 1.4 3.4 3.4 1.5 1.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.6 4.4 3.6 1.3 1.5 2.6 3.2 1.3 2.6 2.8 3.5 Fill in the summary table for the ANOVA test: degrees of freedom (d.f.) Sum of Squares (S.S.) Mean Square (M.S.) Between Within Total From this table, obtain the necessary statistics for the ANOVA:F-ratio (F-test statistic): p-value: η2η2 (Eta squared = Sum of squares betweenSum of squares totalSum…arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the best description of a multiple-baseline design? a. A study that takes several measures on nonequivalent groups before and after treatment. b. A study that takes baseline measures, then introducing the independent variable, and then retaking the baseline measures. c. A study that assesses the effects of introducing the treatment at different times over multiple subjects, behaviors, or situations. d. A study that reintroduces the independent variable after the second baseline measure.arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low Moderate High Moderate Moderately Severe Severe 1.6 2.9 3.8 3.4 0.9 1.3 3 2.8 1.8 3.1 3.3 3.2 2.7 3.7 2.4 4.9 3.8 2.9 3.7 3.2 4.9 1.7 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of a = 0.01. O There is sufficient evidence that there exists a significant difference between treatments. O…arrow_forward
- Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low High Moderate Moderate Moderately Severe Severe 0 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.7 2.5 3.2 3.3 2.2 3 3.2 5.2 0.6 1.8 3.8 1.5 1.9 1.9 3.8 5.9 1.3 1.2 2.4 2.9 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of απ 0.02. There is not enough evidence to determine a difference between the treatments. There is…arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low High Moderate Moderately Moderate Severe Severe 3.1 1.3 5.1 3.5 2.3 3.3 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.9 1.8 4.2 3 4 4.2 2 3.9 3.9 4.7 2.1 0.5 2.5 2.2 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of a = 0.02. O There is not enough evidence to determine a difference between the treatments. O There is…arrow_forward13. For the two questions below, consider the StatKey 3ʳᵈ ed. dataset CocaineTreatment. If we assume the subjects were volunteers who were randomly assigned to the treatments.13a. Is the design of this study appropriate to generalize to the population of cocaine users? Choices: (a) Yes (b) No 13 b. Is the design of this study appropriate to give evidence for causality if a sufficiently strong effect is found?Choices: (a) Yes (b) Noarrow_forward
- A depression study reports the following findings. There were no significant differences on depression symptoms across ethnic groups (Asian, latino, caucasian, African american ) or across treatment location.(home vs. clinic). Which of the following statements about the design is TRUE. 1. This would be considered a 2×2 ANOVA 2. There are 4 independent variables included here. 3. The ethnicity variable has 4 level and the treatment location variable has 2 levels. 4.There's a total of 4 separate group in this study.arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Moderately High Moderate Low Moderate Severe Severe 1.3 1.4 3 2.5 1.3 2 3.8 4 2.5 0.4 5 2.5 2.2 1.5 3.8 3.2 1.7 2 1.7 2 3.1 2.1 4.1 1.6 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value:arrow_forwardState your conclusions for the interaction. Make a decision about the null hypothesis and state what it means in terms of this study (i.e. using the original variables of interest) Calculate the effect size where appropriate.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt