Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 6, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way yeast controls the events through a complex signaling cascade that is induced by binding of a hormone to a G protein-linked receptor.
Concept introduction: Cells communicate with each other by a process known as cell signaling. It is important for an organism to receive and respond to the stimulus. There are four sequences of events that take place in cell signaling. They are signal transmission, reception, signal transduction, and response. A ligand binds with a cell receptor and undergoes receptor‑ligand alterations and initiates a specific response.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
What are the three main parts of a signaling pathway? Give a detailed specific example, such as how epinephrine signals for rapid digestion of glycogen in liver cells.
The G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling?
The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes.
The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression.
The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway.
The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.
For the protein Calmodulin-1:
1) this protein have any secondary, tertiary and/or quaternary structures present? 2) Are there any molecular additions to this protein that are not amino acids?For both questions, can you explain if so, where specifically?
The protein Calmodulin-1 is stated to have the molecular function of signaling receptor binding which is interrelated with the biological function of calcium-mediated signaling.
Can you explain this relationship?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- List three ways in which a signal is amplified in a Gprotein-coupled receptor signaling pathway.arrow_forwardSteroid hormones are required by the body at puberty and into adolescence to regulate growth and cell division at more rapid pace than in later life. This regulation occurs via their interaction with cellular receptors and the signaling cascades/pathways that follow. Describe for me the difference between the two major classes of steroids, anabolic and catabolic steroids. What might you expect the result of signaling cascades to be in cells receiving either anabolic or catabolic “signals”? (B) At some point in late adolescence, steroid production decreases by almost 100 fold, as we transition into “adulthood”. Why might we wish to stop these signals from constantly being in our blood stream, (like, Say, between 17-24 years of age)? What result might these steroids have on cancer cells where abhorrent signaling is already causing an increased rate of cell division/growth? Could steroid use result in Cancer?arrow_forwardPut the following steps for the outline of the growth factor signaling pathway in order: Map Kinase Kinase is Phosphorylated Proteins involved in gene transcription are activated Growth factor binds to its receptor in the cytoplasmic membrane Receptor recruits adaptor protein and GEF Autophosphorylation of tyrosine residues on the receptor Structural change of the receptor activates Tyrosine Kinase Map Kinase Kinase Kinase is phosphorylated Ras, a small GTPase, is activated by the exchange of GTP for GDP Map Kinase is Phosphorylated Map Kinase enters the nucleusarrow_forward
- To move in a specific direction, a migrating cell must use extracellular cues to establish which portion of the cell will act as the front and which will act as the back. Describe how small GTPase proteins appear to be involved in the signaling pathways used by migrating cells to determine direction of movement.arrow_forwardContinuous exposure of a Gαs protein coupled receptor to its ligand leads to a phenomenon known as desensitization. Describe several molecular mechanisms for receptor desensitization. How can a receptor be reset to its original sensitized state? What effect would a mutant receptor lacking serine or threonine phosphorylation sites have on a cell?arrow_forwardDiscuss the family of nuclear hormone receptors and explain how ligand binding to such a receptor can result in changes in gene expressionarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast GPCR and RTK signaling. What role does GTP play in each? What role does phosphorylation play? How do these two signaling types compare to steroid signaling with respect to gene activation?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE? The mammalian glucocorticoid receptor: awaits the steroid hormone at the cell surface and is internalized into the cytoplasm upon glucocorticoid binding. is a hormone-dependent transcription factor. may act as an activator or repressor of transcription depending on the promoter it acts on. is sequestered in the cytoplasm by HSP90 as long as the glucocorticoid is absent. does not require phosphorylation by protein kinase A to bind DNA.arrow_forwardContinuous exposure of a G protein-coupled receptor to its ligand leads to a phenomenon known as desensitization. Describe several molecule mechanisms for receptor desensitizationarrow_forward
- Binding EGF to the EGF receptor causes phosphorylation of tyrosines on the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor. Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which this phosphorylation activates downstream signaling complexes? Select one A. Causes degradation of receptor by proteasome pathway B. Causes EGF receptor to be internalized so it can interact directly with downstream signaling molecules C. Tyrosine phosphorylation alters 3D structure of downstream signaling proteins causing them to change from an inactive to active conformation D. Causes release of EGF from receptor E. Alters the localization of downstream signaling partners in the cytoplasmarrow_forwardThyroid hormone receptor (TR) regulates growth, development, and differentiation of mammals. TR contains both a domain that binds to T3, the thyroid hormone, and a separate domain that binds to DNA. Which of the following BEST explains how TR signals? A. T3 binds to TR at the cell membrane, which then releases second messengers to regulate gene expression. B. T3 binds to DNA at the cell membrane, which then releases second messengers to regulate gene expression. C. T3 diffuses through the cell membrane to bind to TR, which then binds to DNA to regulate gene expression. D. T3 diffuses through the cell membrane to bind to DNA, which then binds to TR to regulate gene expression.arrow_forwardHow would a mutation in ras that leads to formation of a Ras proteinwith no GTPase activity affect a cell’s response to insulin?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license