Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337681698
Author: Frederick J Gravetter; Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Limited
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 11E
Describe how experimenter bias can be a threat to internal validity; that is, how can experimenter bias provide an explanation for the scores in one condition being higher than the scores in a second condition?
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences
Ch. 6.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast the five research...Ch. 6.1 - Define research strategy, research design, and...Ch. 6.2 - Define the concept of external validity and a...Ch. 6.2 - Define the concept of internal validity and a...Ch. 6.3 - Identify and explain the common threats to...Ch. 6.4 - Describe how extraneous variables can become...Ch. 6.4 - Describe how environmental variables can be...Ch. 6.5 - Define experimenter bias, demand characteristics,...Ch. 6 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 6 - For each of the following scenarios, identify...
Ch. 6 - How is the descriptive strategy different from the...Ch. 6 - Explain the difference among the terms research...Ch. 6 - A researcher conducts a study with 6-year-old...Ch. 6 - A researcher finds that college students are more...Ch. 6 - Explain how using college students as participants...Ch. 6 - What is the novelty effect, and how does it affect...Ch. 6 - Suppose that you wake up in the morning with all...Ch. 6 - What is the primary threat to internal validity...Ch. 6 - Describe how experimenter bias can be a threat to...Ch. 6 - Describe how participant reactivity can be a...Ch. 6 - Selection bias and individual differences are both...
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- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardhelp me fix a thank you!arrow_forwardIf you perform a left-tail test, the p-value is less than the significance level. If you perform a two-tail test, the p-value is greater than the significance level. You do not reject the null hypothesis in this case, because the p-value is You reject the null hypothesis in this case, because the p-value isarrow_forward
- An experiment was conducted to test the effects of alcohol. The errors were recorded in a visual and motor skills test for treatment groups of people who drank ethanol, and another group was given a placebo. If we wanted to test whether the average number of errors made by those who drank ethanol differed significantly from the average number of errors made by the placebo group, then the name of the hypothesis test we would use is a) Pearson Correlation b) Independent Samples t-test c) Paired Samples t-test d) Chi-Square testarrow_forwardAccording to a book published in 2011, 45% of the undergraduate students in the United States show almost no gain in learning in their first two years of college (Richard Arum et al., Academically Adrift, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2011). A recent sample of 1500 undergraduate students showed that this percentage is 36%. Can you reject the null hypothesis at a 10% significance level in favor of the alternative that the percentage of undergraduate students in the United States who show almost no gain in learning in their first two years of college is currently lower than 45%. Use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches. Round your answers for the observed value of z and the critical value of z to two decimal places, and the p-value to four decimal places. Zobserved= i p-value = i Critical value = i Hence we can conclude that the percentage of undergraduate students in the U.S. who show almost no gain in learning in their first two years of college is currently v…arrow_forwardIt is more difficult to reject a null hypothesis if we use a 10% level of significance compared with a 5% level of significance. True or Falsearrow_forward
- According to a book published in 2011, 45% of the undergraduate students in the United States show almost no gain in learning in their first two years of college (Richard Arum et al., Academically Adrift, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2011). A recent sample of 1540 undergraduate students showed that this percentage is 37%. Can you reject the null hypothesis at a 2.5% significance level in favor of the alternative that the percentage of undergraduate students in the United States who show almost no gain in learning in their first two years of college is currently lower than 45%. Use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches. Round your answers for the observed value of z and the critical value of z to two decimal places, and the p-value to four decimal places. Zobserved = p-value = Critical value = i Hence we can conclude that the percentage of undergraduate students in the U.S. who show almost no gain in learning in their fırst two years of college is currently 45%.arrow_forwardDiscuss the basic strategy for performing a hypothesis test to compare the means of two populations, based on independent samples.arrow_forward"A manufacturer of shampoo claims that 42% of the shampoo users prefer brand X. To test this claim, a random sample of 59 participants are selected and asked what brand they prefer. If 20 of the 59 participants prefer brand X, what conclusion do we draw? Use a 0.1 level of significance."arrow_forward
- help me fix a please !!arrow_forwardA graduate student believes that people consider faces with more contrast between lip color and skin tone as more feminine. She identifies the null hypothesis as: Ho: The level of contrast between lip color and skin tone does not affect how feminine a face is considered. She chooses a significance level of 0.05. After she collects the data and computes the sample statistics, it is time for her to make a decision about the null hypothesis. What are the two possible decisions that the graduate student can make? Check all that apply. There is not enough evidence to reject the hypothesis that the contrast between lip color and skin tone affects how feminine a face is considered. There is enough evidence to reject the hypothesis that the contrast between lip color and skin tone does not affect how feminine a face is considered. There is enough evidence to reject the hypothesis that the contrast between lip color and skin tone affects how feminine a face is considered. ☐ There is not enough…arrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
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