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The burning of high-sulfur fuels has been shown to cause the phenomenon of “acid rain.” When a high-sulfur fuel is burned, the sulfur is converted to sulfur dioxide
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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
- The present average concentration (mass percent) of magnesium ions in seawater is 0.13%. A chemistry textbook estimates that if 1.00 × 108 tons Mg were taken out of the sea each year, it would take one million years for the Mg concentration to drop to 0.12%. Do sufficient calculations to either verify or refute this statement. Assume that Earth is a sphere with a diameter of 8000 mi, 67% of which is covered by oceans to a depth of 1 mi, and that no Mg is washed back into the oceans at any time.arrow_forwardColorful fireworks often involve the decomposition of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate and the reaction of the metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with oxygen. (a) Write the formulas of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate. (b) The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate leads to the formation of solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction. (c) The decomposition of solid barium nitrate leads to the formation of solid barium oxide, diatomic nitrogen gas, and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction. (d) Write separate equations for the reactions of the solid metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with diatomic oxygen gas to yield the corresponding metal oxides. (Assume the iron oxide contains Fe3+ ions.)arrow_forwardMany cereals are made with high moisture content so that the cereal can be formed into various shapes before it is dried. A cereal product containing 58% H2O by mass is produced at the rate of 1000. kg/h. What mass of water must be evaporated per hour if the final product contains only 20.% water?arrow_forward
- One way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate. Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 250.mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with cadmium chloride, which would react with silver nitrate solution like this: CdCl2 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → 2AgCl (s) + CdNO32 (aq)The chemist adds 41.0m M silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. He then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. He finds he has collected 3.3mg of silver chloride. Calculate the concentration of cadmium chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.arrow_forwardOne way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate.Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 250.mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with cadmium chloride, which would react with silver nitrate solution like this: CdCl2(aq)+2AgNO3(aq)→2AgCl(s)+CdNO32(aq). The chemist adds 51.0mM silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. She then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. She finds she has collected 8.9mg of silver chloride. Calculate the concentration of cadmium chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.arrow_forwardThe steps to balancing a neutralization reaction when given a verbal description can be summarized as follows: Write the chemical formulas for the reagents. Write the chemical formulas for the products. Balance each element on each side of the reaction arrow by adding coefficients to the reactants and products. The antacid Brioschi, which has been used to relieve heartburn, is mainly sodium bicarbonate. Predict the products, then write the balanced neutralization reaction for the antacid Brioschi in the stomach where the main acid present is hydrochloric acid, HClHCl. Express your answer as a chemical equation.arrow_forward
- Write the balanced chemical equations representing the following reactions: Perchloric acid reacts with cadmium to form cadmium (II) perchlorate and hydrogen gas. Silver(I) carbonate decomposes forming silver metal, carbon dioxide and oxygen gas.arrow_forwardOne way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate. Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 250.mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with tin(II) chloride, which would react with silver nitrate solution like this: SnCl2(aq) +2AgNO3(aq) →2AgCl(s) +SnNO32(aq)The chemist adds 56.0mM silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. He then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. He finds he has collected 7.3mg of silver chloride. Calculate the concentration of tin(II) chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.arrow_forwardColorful fireworks often involve the decomposition of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate and the reaction ofthe metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with oxygen.(a) Write the formulas of barium nitrate and potassium chlorate.(b) The decomposition of solid potassium chlorate leads to the formation of solid potassium chloride and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction.(c) The decomposition of solid barium nitrate leads to the formation of solid barium oxide, diatomic nitrogen gas, and diatomic oxygen gas. Write an equation for the reaction.(d) Write separate equations for the reactions of the solid metals magnesium, aluminum, and iron with diatomic oxygen gas to yield the corresponding metal oxides. (Assume the iron oxide contains Fe3+ ions.)arrow_forward
- A chemical characteristic of acids is their ability to react with metals in a chemical reaction to produce what kind of molecular gas? carbon di-oxide gas chlorine gas oxygen gas hydrogen gasarrow_forwardOne way the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tests for chloride contaminants in water is by titrating a sample of silver nitrate solution. Any chloride anions in solution will combine with the silver cations to produce bright white silver chloride precipitate. Suppose an EPA chemist tests a 200.mL sample of groundwater known to be contaminated with copper(II) chloride, which would react with silver nitrate solution like this: CuCl2 (aq) + 2AgNO3 (aq) → 2AgCl (s) + CuNO32 (aq)The chemist adds 34.0m M silver nitrate solution to the sample until silver chloride stops forming. She then washes, dries, and weighs the precipitate. She finds she has collected 5.6mg of silver chloride. Calculate the concentration of copper(II) chloride contaminant in the original groundwater sample. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits.arrow_forwardGiven the reactant side of the total ionic equation for the neutralization reaction of lithium hydroxide (LiOHLiOH) with hydrochloric acid (HClHCl), write the total ionic equation (also known as the complete ionic equation) by entering both the reactant and the product species, separated by the reaction arrow. Li+(aq)+OH−(aq)+H+(aq)+Cl−(aq)→ ? Be sure to include the charges on the ionic species and the physical state of all the reactant and product species.arrow_forward
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