GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135349298
Author: Sanders
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 28P
Fifty bacterial colonies are on a complete-medium growth plate. The colonies are replica plated to a minimal medium plate, and 46 colonies grow. What can you say about the bacteria from the four colonies that do not grow? Design an experiment and describe the methods you would use to determine if any of these four colonies are
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Fifteen bacterial colonies growing on a complete medium (that means that they have all of nutrients
that they need supplied in the dish, and they don't actually need to synthesize these compounds to
survive) are transferred to minimal medium. Twelve of the colonies grow on minimal medium. Three
colonies do not grow on minimal medium. But, if these three colonies are put on a plate that has
minimal medium supplemented with the amino acid serine (min + Ser), they all
What does this suggest about the three bacterial colonies (pick all that apply)?
grow.
They lack the ability to synthesize their own serine.
O They are probably wild-type.
They probably have a mutation that causes them to lack a certain protein.
They probably have a mutation that causes them to be unable to perform translation.
O They probably have a mutation that causes them to be unable to perform transcription.
O They are able to synthesize everything that they need to grow except for serine.
Two auxotrophic triple Escherichia coli strains (A: met- phe- ade- val+ bio+ thr+ and B:
met+ phe+ ade+ val- bio- thr-) are mixed in LB liquid medium, diluted and then spread on
LB solid rich medium. Six colonies are observed:
Then, replicates are performed on 6 different media (minimum medium + glucose + indicated
substances). The results are shown below. Determine the genotype of the 6 colonies observed.
Which ones are from strain A? From strain B? Which hypotheses can explain these results
and which one do you prefer?
met phe
val bio
Abbreviations:
met ade
val thr
phe ade
bio thr
Met: methionine; Phe: phenylalanine; Ade: adenine; Val: valine; Bio: biotin; Thr: threonine.
1) both streak plating and pour plating produce isoluated colonies. What is the underlying explanation for why both methods work; that is, what are both methods doing with repect to the bacterial cells?
2) If streak plates failed to produce isolated colonies, describe two things that you could do to improve your chance of generating isolated colonies.
3) Why do we care so much about producing isolated colonies? what is an isolated colony composed of? What can you do with an isolated colony?
Chapter 6 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: INTEGRATED - ACCESS
Ch. 6 - For bacteria that are F+, Hfr, F', and F-, perform...Ch. 6 - The flow diagram identifies relationships between...Ch. 6 - Conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F-cell does...Ch. 6 - Bacteria transfer genes by conjugation,...Ch. 6 - Explain the importance of the following features...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6PCh. 6 - Describe what is meant by the term site-specific...Ch. 6 - What is a prophage, and how is a prophage formed?Ch. 6 - How is the frequency of cotransduction related to...Ch. 6 - Describe the differences between genetic...
Ch. 6 - Among the mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria,...Ch. 6 - What is lateral gene transfer? How might it take...Ch. 6 - Lateral gene transfer is thought to have played a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - A 2013 CDC report identified the practice of...Ch. 6 - Hfr strains that differ in integrated F factor...Ch. 6 - Five Hfr strains from the same bacterial species...Ch. 6 - An interrupted mating study is carried out on Hfr...Ch. 6 - An Hfr strain with the genotype cys+leu+met+strS...Ch. 6 - A triple-auxotrophic strain of E. coli having the...Ch. 6 - Penicillin was first used in the 1940 s to treat...Ch. 6 - An attribute of growth behavior of eight...Ch. 6 - Synthesis of the amino acid histidine is a...Ch. 6 - The phage P1 is used as a generalized transducing...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25PCh. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Look closely at the consolidated Hfr map and the...Ch. 6 - Fifty bacterial colonies are on a complete-medium...
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- A bacterial strain has a generation time of 30 min, how long would it take an exponentially growing culture to increase from a titre of 5 x 103 cells per ml to 4 x 109 cells per ml? How many generations would have elapsed? Show all of your calculations. G = t/n to calculate generation time (i.e. for population to double) During the growth of the culture, periodic observations of the cells under the microscope have revealed the occurrence of typical rod-shaped cells. However, after further incubation, they appeared to change their morphology to form small oval or spherical-shaped structures. What do these structures likely represent? And what are the likely factors contributing to this observation? Explain what growth phase this culture will be in.arrow_forwardIn the experiment by Bernard Davis, bacterial F+cells and F- cells were growing while separated by a filter. Filter pores allowed the passage of the liquid medium but not the bacteria cells. As a result: 1) prototype colonies grew well on minimal medium 2) F+ cells were converted to F- cells despite the physical separation 3)F- cells were converted F+ cells despite the physical separation 4)F+ cells were not converted to F- cells because of the physical separation 5) F- cells were not converted to F+ cells because of the physical separation 6)there was no growth of prototypes on minimal mediumarrow_forwardA serial dilution of overnight E.coli culture was performed by pipetting 1ml of a bacterial culture into a 9 ml LB medium. After this, from 10-4 and 10-5 dilution tubes 100µl were plated onto LB agar plates. Upon overnight incubation at 37°C, 200 colonies were counted in 10-4 and 22 colonies were present on 10-5 plates. How many colony-forming units were present per ml of the original culture? If the formula for CFU/ml =no. Of colonies/dilution factor*volume of culture platearrow_forward
- In the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media? Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d e All RNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All Protein was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All DNA was degraded and Transformation of the R Strain to S Strain occurred. All RNA was degraded and no Transformation occurred indicating RNA is the molecule of Transformation inheritance None of the above are truearrow_forwardIn the Avery, McLeod, McCarty Experiment where supernatant from heat killed, virulent S Strain pneumonia solutions were added to non-virulent R Strain pneumonia cell cultures and allowed to grow in liquid media (i.e., broth). In tubes where Protease was added to the supernatant prior to cell culture, what was the observed effect when plating and growing the S. pneumonia cells to solid media?arrow_forwardIn a certain culture of bacteria, the rate of increase is proportional to the number present. (a) if it is found that the number doubles in 6 hours, how many may be expected at the end of 18 hours? (b) If there are 10^2 at the end of 4 hours and 8(10^2) at the end of 8 hours, how many were at the beginning?arrow_forward
- Assume that you counted 67 plaques on a bacterial plate where 0.1ml of a 10-5 dilution of phage was added to bacterial culture. What is the initial concentration of the undiluted phage? Show your calculations and give your answer in pfu/ml (pfu = plaque-forming units)arrow_forwardThe wild type bacterium is lac+ amps, leu+, ade+ Mutant I is: lac+ amp r, leu-, ade+ Mutant 2 is: lac+, amp s, leu+, ade- Mutant 3 is: lac-, amp r. leu-, ade- The circles below represent six different types of growth medium for these cells. The text below each circle indicates the composition of the medium in that plate. Please divide each plate into quadrants, one for the wild type and one each for the three mutants. Then, draw in the appearance of the plates after we place cells of these genotypes on them and allow growth to occur (if it can). rich, glucose rich, lactose OO minimal, leucine, adenine minimal, glucose, adenine rich, lactose, amp O minimal. glucose, leucinearrow_forwardYou are studying a microorganism that contains a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) enzyme, and looking for a clone of this microorganism that no longer contains the gene encoding CAT. Imagine you had an LB plate containing chloramphenicol. You streak an isolated colony of the Parent Strain and Clone A onto the same plate. Which of the following statements are true about the growth pattern after 24 hours in the incubator? Select all that apply? L-hlareeheticol LB chloremphenicel Parent Clune A Parent Clone A LD chlerephenicol 18 chloremphenitol Paremt Clone A Paront Clone A Plate A is the expected growth pattern as clone A should grow in the LB plate with chloramphenicol Plate B is the expected growth pattern as LB plate with chloramphenicol parent strain should grow in the Plate B is the expected growth pattern as clone A should not grow in the LB plate with chloramphenicol Plate A is the expected growth pattern as the parent strain should not grow in the LB plate with…arrow_forward
- You take 10 ml of a stock solution, which is at a concentration of 1000 phage/ml, and dilute it to a total of 100 ml. From the resulting solution you take 5 ml and dilute it to 25 ml, and from the latter you take 5 ml and make a total of 20 ml. a) It will be possible to know how many bacteriophage particles there will be in 1 ml of the last solution b) What is the dilution factor in each step, in the same order in which the dilutions are made? c) What is the total serial dilution factor?arrow_forwardAn E. coli colony grew on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and leucine. However, bacteria from this colony are unable to grow and form colonies on minimal medium supplemented with arginine and methionine. What is the genotype of the bacteria in this E. coli colony?arrow_forwardAssume that one counted 67 plaques on a bacterial plate where 0.1 ml of a 10-5 dilution of phage was added to bacterial culture. What was the initial concentration of the undiluted phage?arrow_forward
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