![Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780135212905/9780135212905_largeCoverImage.gif)
Concept explainers
To determine: The two types of signals used by the body to transmit messages.
Introduction: A signal transduction pathway includes a group of proteins and polysaccharides that carry the signals generated by the binding of the signaling molecule. The signals carried, leads to conformational changes in the proteins that further trigger a cascade of reactions leading to a cellular response.
To determine: The signal that is available to all cells.
Introduction: A receptor is a molecule that is present inside or on the surface of the cell. This receptor molecule binds to its compatible signal molecule or ligand and initiates a cellular response that brings about a physiological process.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 6 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
- List the three types of cell communications?arrow_forwardWhen activated extracellularly, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate which of the following? (select all that apply) a G protein signaling mechanism inside the cell. b) A G protein signaling mechanism outside the cell. c) Transporters to uptake degraded neurotransmitters for recycling. d) The release of neurotransmitter molecules into the postsynaptic cell.arrow_forwardtaw a graph representing the changes in membrane potential across the axonal membrane before, during, and after an action potential, On your graph, use a highlighter to clearly indicate for which portions of your graph the letter corresponding to each cellular event listed below belongs. List of cellular events: A) All K* channels open B) All Nat channels close C) The Na*/K* ATPase cotransporter transports Nat and K* across the membrane. D) All Na* channels open E) The threshold value of membrane potential is attained. F) All K* channels close G) Some Nat channels open Your graph: o pe cffectonarrow_forward
- Why are neurotransmitters referred to as chemical messengers? Who receives these messages and what are their primary roles in the human body?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is comparable to a positive feedback cycle? a) opening of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in response to an action potential arriving at the axon terminal b) opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels in response to a depolarizing graded potential c) movement of K+ through leak channels d) operation of the Na+-K+ ATPase at rest e) opening of voltage-gated K+ channels in response to a depolarizing graded potentialarrow_forward1) Voltage-gated ion channels on the cell body: a) allow Ca2+ to enter, leading to neurotransmitter release. b)have binding sites for neurotransmitters. c)open following entry of Na+ through ligand-gated channels. d) are inactivated by enzymes in the synaptic cleft.arrow_forward
- which of the following would be false? a) summation of B and C would not change membrane b) summation of B would be an IPSP c) summation of C and A = suprathreshold stimuli d) stimulation by A would depolarize cell e) repeated stimulation by A could spatially summate and reach threshold (This would be temporal summation)arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the sodium-potassium pump during the nerve impulse transmission? Which is the ratio of Na-K with inside/outside the cell?arrow_forwardWhat accounts for the specificity of a cellular response to a signal molecule?arrow_forward
- What is physiological antagonism?arrow_forwardWhat mechanisms in the cell terminate its response to a signaland maintain its ability to respond to new signals?arrow_forwardHow can the same signal (ligand) , result in different cellular responses in different cell types with the same receptors?arrow_forward
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305389892/9781305389892_smallCoverImage.gif)