Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135212905
Author: Dee Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6.3, Problem 13CC
The extracellular fluid Ca2+ concentration averages 2.5 mmol/L. Free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is about 0.001 mmol/L. If a cell is going to move calcium ions from its cytosol to the extracellular fluid, will it use passive or active transport? Explain.
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Name the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3−) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms. What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?
In Chapters 11 & 12, the following examples of membrane transport proteins are given. Fill out the table with the correct answer for
that particular transport protein.
Type of transport
protein (channel or
carrier/transporter?)
K* leak channel
glucose transporter
bacteriorhodopsin
Na-K pump
glucose-Na
symport
Na-H exchanger
Performs
active or
passive
transport?
Energy source
for movement
of solute(s) or
ion(s)
Direction of movement of
solute(s) or ion(s) with
respect to the
electrochemical gradient
Na
K*
Na
glucose
Na
H'
Direction of movement
of solute(s) or ion(s)
with respect to the
membrane crossed
Na
K₁
Na'
glucose
Na
H'
Is the protein a uniport,
symport, antiport, or
none of the above?
Liver cells are in contact with the blood and exchange a variety of substances with the blood plasma (the noncellular part of blood). The concentration of water is equal in the cytoplasm of liver cells and in the blood plasma. Explain this observation in terms of membrane permeability and transport mechanisms.
Animal cells typically maintain a higher concentration of Na+ outside the cell and a higher concentration of K+ inside the cell via the Na+-K+ pump. The drug ouabain inhibits the activity of the Na+-K+ pump. A nerve cell is incubated in ouabain. Predict what will happen to the concentrations of Na+ and K+ inside and outside the nerve cell as a result.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 6.1 - Match the communication method on the left with...Ch. 6.1 - Which signal molecules listed in the previous...Ch. 6.1 - A cat sees a mouse and pounces on it. Do you think...Ch. 6.2 - List four components of signal pathways.Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 5CCCh. 6.2 - What are the four steps of signal transduction?Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 7CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 8CCCh. 6.2 - Name the four categories of membrane receptors.Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 10CC
Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 11CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 12CCCh. 6.3 - The extracellular fluid Ca2+ concentration...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 14CCCh. 6.4 - What do receptors, enzymes, and transporters have...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 16CCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 17CCCh. 6.5 - What is the difference between tonic control and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 19CCCh. 6.5 - What is the difference between local control and...Ch. 6.5 - Name the seven steps in a reflex control pathway...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 22CCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 23CCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 24CCCh. 6 - What are the two routes for long-distance signal...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2RQCh. 6 - Prob. 3RQCh. 6 - Prob. 4RQCh. 6 - Prob. 5RQCh. 6 - An enzyme known as protein kinase adds the...Ch. 6 - Distinguish between central and peripheral...Ch. 6 - Prob. 8RQCh. 6 - Prob. 9RQCh. 6 - Prob. 10RQCh. 6 - Prob. 11RQCh. 6 - Explain the relationships of the terms in each of...Ch. 6 - List and compare the four classes of membrane...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14RQCh. 6 - Prob. 15RQCh. 6 - Prob. 16RQCh. 6 - Prob. 17RQCh. 6 - Identify the target tissue or organ for each...Ch. 6 - Now identify the integrating center for examples...Ch. 6 - In each of the following situations, identify the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 21RQCh. 6 - Prob. 22RQ
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- Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport. ๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis (a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane. (b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred. (c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.arrow_forwardName the three classes of membrane transport proteins. Explain which one or ones of these classes is able to move glucose and which can move bicarbonate (HCO3 −) against an electrochemical gradient. In the case of bicarbonate, but not glucose, the ΔG of the transport process has two terms.What are these two terms, and why does the second not apply to glucose? Why are cotransporters often referred to as examples of secondary active transport?arrow_forwardUniporters and ion channels support facilitated transport across cellular membranes. Although both are examples of facilitated transport, the rates of ion movement via an ion channel are roughly 104 - to 105 -fold faster than the rates of molecule movement via a uniporter. What key mechanisticdifference results in this large difference in transport rate?What contribution to free energy (ΔG) determines the direction of transport?arrow_forward
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