Given each of the following values, is the starting material or product lower in energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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- 10.46 Discuss the effect of temperature change on the spontaneity of the following reactions at 1 atm. (a) Al2O3(s)+2Fe(s)2Al(s)+Fe2O3(s) H = 851.5kJ; S =38.5 J/K (b) N2H4(l)N2(g)+2H2(g) H =-50.6 kJ; S= 0.3315 kJ/K (c) SO3(g)SO2(g)+12O2(g) H = 98.9 kJ; S= 0.0939 kJ/Karrow_forwardHydrogenation, the addition of hydrogen to an organic compound, is an industrially important reaction. Calculate rH, rS, and rG for the hydrogenation of octene, C8H16, to give octane, C8H19 at 25 C. Is the reaction product- or reactant-favored at equilibrium? C8H16(g) + H2(g) C8H18(g) Along with data in Appendix L, the following information is needed for this calculation.arrow_forwardCalculate rS for the following reaction at 25 C. 2 H2(g) + O2(g) 2 H2O() (a) 326.6 J/K mol-rxn (b) 139.9 J/K mol-rxn (c) 139.9 J/K mol-rxn (d) 326.6 J/K mol-rxnarrow_forward
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- The free energy of formation of one mole of compound refers to a particular chemical equation. For each of the following, write that equation. a KBr(s) b CH3Cl(l) c H2S(g) d AsH3(g)arrow_forwardAll of these substances are stable with respect to decomposition to their elements at 25 C. Which are kinetically stable and which are thermodynamically stable? (a) MgO(s) (b) N2H4() (c) C2H6(g) (d) N2O(g)arrow_forwardUsing the data of Table 12.1, predict which of these reactions is product-favored at 25 °C. Then, place all the reactions in order from most reactant-favored to most product-favored. Table 12.1 Selected Equilibrium Constants at 25 °Carrow_forward
- Using values of fH and S, calculate rG for each of the following reactions at 25 C. (a) 2 Na(s) + 2 H2O() 2 NaOH(aq) + H2(g) (b) 6 C(graphite) + 3 H2(g) C6H6() Which of these reactions is (are) predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium? Are the reactions enthalpy- or entropy-driven?arrow_forwardSodium chloride is added to water (at 25C) until it is saturated. Calculate the Cl concentration in such a solution. Species G(kJ/mol) NaCl(s) 384 Na+(aq) 262 Cl(aq) 131arrow_forwardWrite a chemical equation for each process and classify each as reactant-favored or product-favored. (a) A puddle of water evaporates on a summer day. (b) Silicon dioxide (sand) decomposes to the elements Silicon and oxygen. (c) Paper, which is mainly cellulose (C6H10O5)n, bums at a temperature of 451 F. (d) A pinch of sugar dissolves in water at room temperature.arrow_forward
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