Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the freezing of water is an exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the PΔV work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate ΔH is,

ΔH=HProductHReactant (1)

Here,

ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system.

HProduct is the enthalpy of the products.

HReactant is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product. HProduct is greater than HReactant in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. HReactant is greater than HProduct in the exothermic reactions.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.21P

The freezing of water is an exothermic process.

Explanation of Solution

Freezing of water means the conversion of liquid form of water to solid form. The heat is released in the conversion to solid form.

HReactant is greater than HProduct so ΔH of the process is negative and the reaction is exothermic reaction.

Conclusion

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the boiling of water is an exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the PΔV work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate ΔH is,

ΔH=HProductHReactant (1)

Here,

ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system.

HProduct is the enthalpy of the products.

HReactant is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product. HProduct is greater than HReactant in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. HReactant is greater than HProduct in the exothermic reactions.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.21P

The boiling of water is an endothermic process.

Explanation of Solution

The boiling of water means the conversion of liquid form of water to gaseous form. The heat is absorbed in the conversion to gaseous form.

HProduct is greater than HReactant so ΔH of the process is positive and the reaction is endothermic reaction.

Conclusion

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the digestion of food is an exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the PΔV work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate ΔH is,

ΔH=HProductHReactant (1)

Here,

ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system.

HProduct is the enthalpy of the products.

HReactant is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product. HProduct is greater than HReactant in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. HReactant is greater than HProduct in the exothermic reactions.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.21P

The digestion of food is an exothermic process.

Explanation of Solution

The digestion of food involves breakage of the food by the body. The energy is released in the process of breaking.

HReactant is greater than HProduct so ΔH of the process is negative and the reaction is exothermic reaction.

Conclusion

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the running of person is an exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the PΔV work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate ΔH is,

ΔH=HProductHReactant (1)

Here,

ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system.

HProduct is the enthalpy of the products.

HReactant is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product. HProduct is greater than HReactant in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. HReactant is greater than HProduct in the exothermic reactions.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.21P

The running of person is an exothermic process.

Explanation of Solution

When a person runs heat is released from the body as the muscles perform work to run.

HReactant is greater than HProduct so ΔH of the process is negative and the reaction is exothermic reaction.

Conclusion

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the growing of person is an exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the PΔV work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate ΔH is,

ΔH=HProductHReactant (1)

Here,

ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system.

HProduct is the enthalpy of the products.

HReactant is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product. HProduct is greater than HReactant in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. HReactant is greater than HProduct in the exothermic reactions.

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.21P

The growing of person is an endothermic process.

Explanation of Solution

When a person grows it consums food to perform functions of body. The food calories is converted to tissues present in body so energy is consumed.

HProduct is greater than HReactant so ΔH of the process is positive and the reaction is endothermic reaction.

Conclusion

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the chopping of wood is an exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the PΔV work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate ΔH is,

ΔH=HProductHReactant (1)

Here,

ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system.

HProduct is the enthalpy of the products.

HReactant is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product. HProduct is greater than HReactant in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. HReactant is greater than HProduct in the exothermic reactions.

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.21P

The chopping of wood is an endothermic process.

Explanation of Solution

Chopping of wood requires energy as the work is done to chop the wood. Mechanical work is done in chhoping so theheat is absorbed.

HProduct is greater than HReactant so ΔH of the process is positive and the reaction is endothermic reaction.

Conclusion

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the heating with a furnace is an exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The internal energy of a process is the summation of the kinetic energy and potential energy associated with the process. In the case of a reaction, the change in internal energy (ΔE) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant but at constant pressure, the PΔV work gets eliminated and the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is measured.

In the case of a reaction, the change in enthalpy (ΔH) is the difference in the energy of the product and reactant. The general expression to calculate ΔH is,

ΔH=HProductHReactant (1)

Here,

ΔH is the change in enthalpy of the system.

HProduct is the enthalpy of the products.

HReactant is the enthalpy of the reactants.

Endothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is absorbed by the reactant for the formation of product. HProduct is greater than HReactant in the endothermic reactions.

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product. HReactant is greater than HProduct in the exothermic reactions.

(g)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 6.21P

The heating with a furnace is an exothermic process.

Explanation of Solution

The heating of the furnance release heat as the temperature of the system increases. The temperature increase due to the reaction in furnance releases energy to the surrounding.

HReactant is greater than HProduct so ΔH of the process is negative and the reaction is exothermic reaction.

Conclusion

Exothermic reactions are the reactions in which energy in the form of the heat or light is released with the product.

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Chapter 6 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 6.3 - When 25.0 mL of 2.00 M HNO3 and 50.0 mL of 1.00 M...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 6.6BFPCh. 6.3 - Prob. 6.7AFPCh. 6.3 - Prob. 6.7BFPCh. 6.4 - Prob. 6.8AFPCh. 6.4 - Prob. 6.8BFPCh. 6.5 - Prob. 6.9AFPCh. 6.5 - Prob. 6.9BFPCh. 6.6 - Prob. 6.10AFPCh. 6.6 - Prob. 6.10BFPCh. 6.6 - Prob. 6.11AFPCh. 6.6 - Prob. 6.11BFPCh. 6.6 - Prob. B6.1PCh. 6.6 - Prob. B6.2PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.1PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.2PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.3PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.4PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.5PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.6PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.7PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.8PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.9PCh. 6 - A system releases 255 cal of heat to the...Ch. 6 - What is the change in internal energy (in J) of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.12PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.13PCh. 6 - Thermal decomposition of 5.0 metric tons of...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.15PCh. 6 - The external pressure on a gas sample is 2660...Ch. 6 - The nutritional calorie (Calorie) is equivalent to...Ch. 6 - If an athlete expends 1950 kJ/h, how long does it...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.19PCh. 6 - Hot packs used by skiers produce heat via the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.21PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.22PCh. 6 - For each process, state whether ΔH is less than...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.24PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.25PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.26PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.27PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.28PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.29PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.30PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.31PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.32PCh. 6 - What data do you need to determine the specific...Ch. 6 - Is the specific heat capacity of a substance an...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.35PCh. 6 - Both a coffee-cup calorimeter and a bomb...Ch. 6 - Find q when 22.0 g of water is heated from 25.0°C...Ch. 6 - Calculate q when 0.10 g of ice is cooled from...Ch. 6 - A 295-g aluminum engine part at an initial...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.40PCh. 6 - Two iron bolts of equal mass—one at 100.°C, the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.42PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.43PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.44PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.45PCh. 6 - A 30.5-g sample of an alloy at 93.0°C is placed...Ch. 6 - When 25.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 is added to 25.0 mL...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.48PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.49PCh. 6 - A chemist places 1.750 g of ethanol, C2H6O, in a...Ch. 6 - High-purity benzoic acid (C6H5COOH; ΔH for...Ch. 6 - Two aircraft rivets, one iron and the other...Ch. 6 - A chemical engineer burned 1.520 g of a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.54PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.55PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.56PCh. 6 - Consider the following balanced thermochemical...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.58PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.59PCh. 6 - When 1 mol of KBr(s) decomposes to its elements,...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.61PCh. 6 - Compounds of boron and hydrogen are remarkable for...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.63PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.64PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.65PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.66PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.67PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.68PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.69PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.70PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.71PCh. 6 - Write the balanced overall equation (equation 3)...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.73PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.74PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.75PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.76PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.77PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.78PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.79PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.80PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.81PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.82PCh. 6 - Calculatefor each of the following: SiO2(s) +...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.84PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.85PCh. 6 - The common lead-acid car battery produces a large...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.87PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.88PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.89PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.90PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.91PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.92PCh. 6 - The following scenes represent a gaseous reaction...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.94PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.95PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.96PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.97PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.98PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.99PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.100PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.101PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.102PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.103PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.104PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.105PCh. 6 - Prob. 6.106PCh. 6 - Liquid methanol (CH3OH) canbe used as an...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.108P
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