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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The carbon radical formed by the homolysis of each type of
Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is a process in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.
Carbocation behaves as electrophile due to lack of electrons and incomplete octet, whereas carbanion behaves as a nucleophile in the
(b)
Interpretation: The stronger
Concept introduction: The energy which is released or absorbed in the chemical reactions is referred to as
(c)
Interpretation: More stable radical formed from propane is to be identified.
Concept introduction: The formation of carbocation, carbanion and free radical occur due to the heterolysis or homolysis process. Homolysis is opposite to the heterolysis. It forms radical with an unpaired electron. Heterolysis is the process, in which unequal sharing of electrons results in breaking of the bond.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Calculate the following and answer the question. Addition of 1 mole of H2 to cyclohexene releases -28.6 kcal. Estimate the energy that should be released to add 3 moles of H2 to cyclohexatriene (a) Addition of 3 moles of H2 to benzene (which is the IUPAC name for cyclohexatriene) has been shown to release -49.8 kcal. What conclusions can you make about the stability of benzene based on the difference in the estimated energy and the actual energy released?arrow_forward2. Draw the mechanism of the bromination of acetylene: 3. Draw the structures of the following: a. 3-bromo-3,4-dimethyl-1-hepten-5-yne b. Acetylene c. 1-ethynyl-2-methylcyclohexanearrow_forwardDraw structural formulas for organic products A and B in the window below. Mg H20 A H3CC=CH2 ether Br • Draw only products having the organic portion of the original alkyl halide. • Draw carbon-lithium bonds using the single bond tool. If a structure has a copper-lithium bond, do not draw the lithium. • Separate products from different steps using the → sign from the drop-down menu.arrow_forward
- What is the missing reactant in this organic reaction? CH, O CHI CHCH R Joy Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of R. If there is more than one reasonable answer, you can draw any one of them. If there is no reasonable answer, check the No answer box under the drawing area. Note: the organic equation above only shows the important organic reactant and product. Minor small-molecule reactants or products (like H₂O) are not shown. No Answer Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. Move atoms, bonds, or curved arrows; move, copy, or delete molecules Carrow_forwardCan the molecule on the right-hand side of this organic reaction be made in good yield from no more than two reactants, in one step, by moderately heating the reactants? ? Δ • If your answer is yes, then draw the reactant or reactants in the drawing area below. You can draw the reactants in any arrangement you like. • If your answer is no, check the box under the drawing area instead.arrow_forwardCombustion requires three primary components: fuel, energy, and an oxidizer. The fuel is the organic starting material and once the activation energy is achieved, large amounts of energy are rapidly released fragmenting reactants into individual atoms. The components quickly rearrange into smaller and more stable molecules. Oxygen serves as an oxidizer, due to its electronegativity, accepting electrons and forming products including water and carbon dioxide. Nitroguanidine (CH4N4O2) is used in select fertilizers and more commonly as a component to propel munitions. Suppose a field artillery soldier was calculating how much nitroguanidine was needed to propel a round. The soldier would need to consider the desired volume of gas to displace along the gun tube and the ambient operating conditions. a. Predict the reaction products for the detonation of 1 mole of nitroguanidine. b. Calculate the amount of explosive needed (in pounds) to produce 1500.0 liters of gas at standard temperature…arrow_forward
- The bond energies of Cl-Cl, C-C and C-H are 59 Kcal/mole, 90 Kcal/mole and 105 Kcal/mole respectively. Considering the reaction of ethane with Cl2, which of the following statements are correct? Question 38 options: A. When heat is the source of energy, Cl-Cl bond is the easiest to break B. When light is the source of energy, Cl-Cl absorbs visible light, but ethane does not C. If heat is the source of energy, the C-H bonds breaks easily compared to other bonds involved in the reaction D. If heat is the source of energy, C-C bonds breaks easily compared to other bonds involved in the reaction Both A & Barrow_forwardBenzene is one of the compounds used as octane enhancers in unleaded gasoline. It is manufactured by the catalytic conversion of acetylene to benzene: 3C2 H2(g) ⟶ C6 H6(g). Which value of Kc would make thisreaction most useful commercially? Kc ≈ 0.01, Kc ≈ 1, or Kc ≈ 10. Explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat are some current applications of alcohol-based fuels? Why are alcohol-based fuels considered “cleaner” alternatives? What does it mean for energy to be “clean”?arrow_forward
- Consider the complete combustion of octane. Calculate the bond energies (in kJ/mol) for the: Combustion of methane CH₂(g) +20₂(g) →CO₂(g)+2H₂O(g) a. bonds broken b. bonds formed c. overall reactionarrow_forwardAlkyl bromide C 1. diethyl malonate NaOEt, EtOH 2. NaOH, H2O 3. H3O*, heat Incorrectarrow_forwardB. Following are structural formulas and heats of combustion of acetaldehyde and ethylene oxide. Which of these compounds is the more stable? Explain. | CH3-CH H,C-CH, Acetaldehyde -1164 kJ (-278.8 kcal)/mol Ethylene oxide -1264 kJ (-302.1 kcal)/molarrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
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