BASIC BIOMECHANICS
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259913877
Author: Hall
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 6AP
How much force must be produced by the fibers of a pennate muscle aligned at a 60° angle to a central tendon to create a tensile force of 200 N in the tendon? (Answer: 400 N)
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- In the diagram below, label the fine structure of a muscle, down to one of its myofibrils. Identify the basic unit of contraction in a myofibril.arrow_forwardWhat is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cell contraction?arrow_forwardIf the muscle fiber is stretched to 150% of muscle length and thentechnically stimulated, what would be the total force measured?arrow_forward
- How can I describe skeletal muscle contraction using the words "upper motor neuron" and "lower motor neuron" in the description?arrow_forwardWhat effect does increasing the frequency of action potentials in askeletal muscle fiber have upon the force of contraction? Explain the mechanism responsible for this effect?arrow_forwardIndicate which of the following are true. Chronically shortened muscles will lose sarcomeres in series in order to maintain ideal amounts of myofilament overlap. Contractile force is proportional to the length of a muscle. Muscle organ contraction is all or nothing. Muscle cells are surrounded by an endomysium. Actin is the thick filament and Z-lines are where the cross-bridges zig-zag to adjacent actin filaments. Muscles with fewer motor units are weaker, i.e., capable of less force. A nerve impulse, calcium, and ATP are necessary for muscle contraction. Tendons attach bones to bones and help to limit the range of motion at joints. Muscle tissue is very dynamic and will respond to chronic stress by becoming stronger (making more myofilaments), chronic contraction by becoming shorter (losing sarcomeres in series), and stretching by becoming longer (adding sarcomeres in series). Myofilaments are actually long strands of proteins.arrow_forward
- Hill's equation gives a relation between muscle contraction rates νν and muscle tension TT (T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β(T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β for positive parameters αα and ββ and resting tension T0T0. Rewrite the equation so that the contraction rate is a function of tension.arrow_forwardWhen utilizing microprocessor technology for testing muscle strength, you are typically looking at what form of muscle contraction? Concentric Isokinetic Isometric Eccentricarrow_forward
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