Chapter 6, Problem 6CS

Throughout the picturesque valleys of mid-18th-century Germany echoed the song of the Neuländer (newlander), enticing journeymen who struggled to feed their families with the dream and promise of colonial America. The typical Neuländer sought to sign up several families from a village for immigration to a particular colony. By registering a group of neighbors, rather than isolated families, the agent increased the likelihood that his signees would not stray to the proposals of a competitor. Additionally, by signing large groups, the Neuländer fattened his purse, to the tune of one to two florins a head.

Generally, the Germans who chose to undertake the hardship of a trans-Atlantic voyage were poor, yet the cost of such a voyage was high. Records from a 1753 voyage indicate that the cost of an adult fare (one freight) from Rotterdam to Boston was 7.5 pistoles. Children aged 4 to 13 were assessed at half the adult rate (one-half freight) and those under 4 were not charged. To get a sense of the expense involved, an adult fare is equivalent to approximately $2000! Many immigrants did not have the necessary funds to purchase passage and, determined to make the crossing, paid with years of indentured servitude.

As a historian studying the influence of these German immigrants on colonial America, Hans Langenscheidt is interested in describing various demographic characteristics of these people. Unfortunately, accurate records are rare. He has discovered a partially reconstructed 1752 passenger list for a ship, the St. Andrew, containing the names of the heads of families, a list of family members traveling, their parish of origin, and the number of freights each family purchased. Unfortunately, some data are missing for some families. Langenscheidt believes that the demographic parameters of this passenger list are likely to be similar to those of the other voyages taken from Germany to America during the mid-18th century. Assuming that he is correct, he believes that it is appropriate to create a discrete probability distribution for a number of demographic variables for this population of German immigrants, presented below.

6. Summarize your findings in a report. Discuss any assumptions made throughout this analysis. What are the consequences to your calculations and conclusions if your assumptions are subsequently determined to be invalid?