Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214084
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 6, Problem 9LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Interphase is a phase which takes place before and after mitosis of the cell cycle, i.e., between two mitotic divisions. Interphase contains three different phases which are G1, S and G2.
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In a turtle species, a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle contains 22 picograms of DNA (picogram is a measure of the total mass of the DNA present). How much DNA is present in a cell of the same species at prophase II of meiosis (prophase of the second meiotic division)?
A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G2?
Draw and label G1 and G2 stages of interphase and each stage of mitosis (in order) for a cell that has two large and two small chromosomes, 2n=4. For unreplicated chromosome draw a line ( / ) and for replicated chromosome draw an X. Since we are focusing on the DNA, you can skip drawing the nuclear membrane or spindle fibers. For simplicity, do not indicate that the chromosomes are decondensed chromatin during interphase. Mark and label a place on one of the large chromosomes with the dominant allele of the “A” gene and put the recessive allele “a” on the other homolog. Mark and label a place on one of the small chromosomes with allele “B” and put the recessive allele “b” on the other homolog.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 6 - Describe three ways that cancer cells differ from...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2LTBCh. 6 - A cell that begins mitosis with 46 chromosomes...Ch. 6 - The centromere is a region at which ___________....Ch. 6 - Prob. 5LTBCh. 6 - At metaphase of mitosis, ___________. the...Ch. 6 - Sister chromatids ___________. are two different...Ch. 6 - DNA polymerase ___________. attaches sister...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 6 - In what ways is the cell cycle similar in plant...
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- 9) A diploid cell is preparing to undergo meiosis. Before the 'S' phase, the cell has 6 picograms (pg) of DNA in it. Answer the following: a) After the 'S' phase of the cell cycle what ploidy is the cell? How many picograms of DNA does it contain? b) After meiosis I, how many daughter cells are there total? What is the ploidy of each cell? How many picograms of DNA does each cell contain?arrow_forward2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 22 ху During which phase does cytokinesis begin? What cell parts migrate to the poles during prophase? What structure holds the two chromatids together? What is the overall purpose of mitosis? 21arrow_forwardMitotic nondisjunction can occur, particularly in tumor cells. Assume a single nondisjunction event involving the X chromosome occurs in a cell undergoing mitosis in a human female. First, consider the daughter cell with the smaller number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have? Next, consider the daughter cell with the larger number of chromosomes: How many total chromosomes will this cell have? How many X chromosomes will this cell have?arrow_forward
- In which stage(s) of the cell cycle, mitosis or meiosis do each of these processes occur (multiple stages apply to some) Crossing-over: Chromosome supercoiling: Separation of sister chromatids: DNA synthesis: Chromosome reduction from 2N to N: 4. A previously undiscovered single celled organism was found living at a great depth on the ocean floor. Its nucleus contains only a single, linear chromosome consisting of 7x10^6 nucleotide pairs of DNA coalesced with three types of histone-like proteins. The analysis of individual nucleosomes revealed that each unit contained one copy of each protein and that the short linker DNA had no protein bound to it If the entire chromosome consists of nucleosomes (discounting any linker DNA), how many are there and how many total proteins are needed to form them?arrow_forward1 3 4 Here is a replication fork during S phase of the cell cycle. DNA strands are labeled 1-4. After mitosis and cytokinesis is complete, One daughter cell will have strands 18&2, another will have strands 3&4 One cell will have 1&3, the other will have 2&4 Each of the strands (1-4) will be in a different cell. All four strands will end up in the same cell, and the other cell will have the complementary strands. Both A and B are equally likely.arrow_forwardWhich of the following diagrams correctly depicts the orientation of microtubules during metaphase of mitosis? A B C OA I (-) (+) (+) (+) (+) (+) (+) (+) (+)50 (+) == (-) XX [(+) (-) E (-) J ++) (+) - (+) (-) (+) 11 15+ E (+) (-) 50 at &&05 (-) 50) (+) (-) (-) (+) (-) D E (+) (+) (+) D (-) St (+) coff (+) (-) (+) (+) (-) (-) (+) (-) (-) affere XXX (-)- (-) ++) (+) (-) (-) (-) (-) Karrow_forward
- Biologists have long been interested in the effects of radiation on cells. In one experiment, researchers examined the effect of radium on mitosis of chick embryo cells growing in culture. A population of experimental cells was examined under the microscope for the number of cells in telophase (as a measure of mitosis occurring) before, during, and after exposure to radium. The results are shown in the Figure. What is the effect of radium exposure on mitosis? Source: R. G. Canti and M. Donaldson. 1926. The effect of radium on mitosis in vitro. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character 100:413419.arrow_forwardDiscuss Concepts Eukaryotic chromosomes can be labeled by exposing cells to radioactive thymidine during the S phase of interphase. If cells are exposed to radioactive thymidine during the S phase, would you expect both or only one of the sister chromatids of a duplicated chromosome to be labeled at metaphase of the following mitosis (see Section 10.2)?arrow_forwardA crayfish strain became triploid while kept in a pet store. Pet owners released these crayfish into the wild, and they became an invasive species. These triploid animals have 2 different kinds of chromosomes (chromosome 1 and chromosome 2). To understand what kind of difficulties the crayfish triploid cells might have during the cell cycle you will draw: Cell is triploid with 2 different chromosomes ( 1 and 2) A) cell in G1 (assume chromosomes are condensed as they normally are in metaphase throughout the cell cycle) B) cell in G2 (assume chromosomes are condensed as they normally are in metaphase throughout the cell cycle) C) cell in Metaphase of mitosis D) cell in Metaphase I of the first meiotic division E) cell in Metaphase II of the second meiotic divisionarrow_forward
- A diploid cell has 15 picograms of DNA in G₁ phase. If this cell is a germ line cell that undergoes meiosis, how much DNA will each daughter cell contain at the end of meiosis I? How much DNA will each daughter cell contain at the end of meiosis II? MI = 30 pg: MII = 15 pg O MI = 15 pg; MII = 15 pg MI = 7.5 pg; MII = 15 pg O MI = 15 pg: MII = 7.5 pgarrow_forwardPlease answer b, d and e Leave out c!!!arrow_forwardYou normally have 46 chromosomes in each of your somatic cells. How many bivalents are present at metaphase 1?arrow_forward
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