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a.
Explanation of Solution
Finding binary numbers from 1 through 10:
Numbers | Binary numbers |
1 | 0000 0001 |
2 | 0000 0010 |
3 | 0000 0011 |
b.
Explanation of Solution
ASCII values for the letters from “B” through “K”:
Letters | ASCII values | Binary number |
B | 66 | 0100 0010 |
C | 67 | 0100 0011 |
D | 68 | 0100 0100 |
c.
Explanation of Solution
ASCII values for the letters from “b” through “k”:
Letters | ASCII values | Binary number |
b | 98 | 0110 0010 |
c | 99 | 0110 0011 |
d | 100 | 0110 0100 |
d.
Explanation of Solution
Steps to find internet checksum:
Step 1: Find ASCII value for the string.
Step 2: Find 8-bit binary number for the corresponding ASCII values.
Step 3: Add 16-bit numbers. If carry occurs, then wrap that around.
Step 4: Take 1’s complement for the final result to find out internet checksum.
For part (a) the internet checksum is calculated as follows:
Add all the 16-bit integers:
The above result doesn’t produce carry and therefore take 1’s complement.
1’s complement for “0001 1001 0001 1110” is “1110 0110 1110 0001”.
Therefore, internet checksum for the numbers 1 through 10 is “1110 0110 1110 0001”.
For part (b) the internet checksum is calculated as follows:
Add all the 16-bit integers:
The above result produces carry bit so carry forward it.
Now, take 1’s complement. 1’s complement for “0101 1111 0110 0100” is “1010 0000 1001 1011”.
Therefore, internet checksum for the letters “B” through “K” is “1010 0000 1001 1011”...
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Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
- True/False 1. The octal number system is a weighted system with eight digits.2. The binary number system is a weighted system with two digits.3. MSB stands for most significant bit.4. In hexadecimal, 9 + 1 = 10.5. The 1’s complement of the binary number 1010 is 0101.6. The 2’s complement of the binary number 1111 is 0000.7. The right-most bit in a signed binary number is the sign bit.8. The hexadecimal number system has 16 characters, six of which are alphabetic characters.9. BCD stands for binary coded decimal.10. An error in a given code can be detected by verifying the parity bit.11. CRC stands for cyclic redundancy check.12. The modulo-2 sum of 11 and 10 is 100.arrow_forwardA and B are two unsigned 32 bits numbers. Compare the values of A and B and write if 1. A>B or 2. Aarrow_forward(2) Below is a text written entirely in binary. Your goal is to convert this to English using the ASCII. Consider the asterisks (*) as word separators. For clarity, the punctuation marks have not been converted to their ASCII values. *1011001 1101111 1110101 1110010 *1110111 1100101 1100100 1100100 1101001 1101110 1100111 *1101001 1110011 *1101001 1101110 *1100110 1101111 1110101 1110010 *1100100 1100001 1111001 1110011. *1001001 *1100011 1100001 1101110 '1110100 *1101000 1100001 1110110 1100101 *1110100 1101000 1101001 1110011 *1110010 1101001 1100111 1101000 1110100 *1101110 1101111 1110111, *1101110 1101111 1110100 *1100001 1101110 1111001 1101101 1101111 1110010 1100101."*"1000101 1111000 1100001 1100011 1110100 1101100 1111001, *1101101 1111001 *1110111 1100101 1100100 1100100 1101001 1101110 1100111 *1101001 1110011 *1101001 1101110 *1100110 1101111 1110101 1110010 *1100100 1100001 1111001 1110011 *1100001 1101110 1100100 *1001001 *1100011 1100001 1101110 '1110100 *1110011…arrow_forwardThere are 2 numbers, X and Y in single-precision floating point representations. X=45B20000 and Y=B66C0000. Perform the multiplication operation on the two numbers using the floating-point number multiplication algorithm (the result is still in the floating-point format). Then convert each of them: X, Y and the results to a decimal number (fixed point).arrow_forwardPart 2: Sequential Multiplier 1. You are asked to multiply two binary numbers using the sequential multiplier discussed in the class. These two binary numbers are 1101, and 10001. a. Show your work for multiplication, step by step. b. How many bits do you need to store the result?arrow_forwardTake as an example the number 143.75. If we put it in scientific notation in base 10 (decimal), then its significand (mantissa) is: And its exponent is: If now we put it in scientific notation in base 2 (binary), then its significand is: And its exponent is: (All answers are numeric. Both of the last two answers should be in binary, and not include leading zeroes).arrow_forward3. On a computer, floating-point numbers are represented in the following way t e u m t = sign of exponent, 1 bit e absolute value of exponent, 3 bits FLOATING-POINT ARITHMETIC u= sign of mantissa, 1 bit m = mantissa, 5 bits The base is 2 and the mantissa is normalized. (a) Give the largest number that can be represented exactly. (b) Determine the decimal number corresponding to the word (0101010110) 2. 27arrow_forwardConsider an 8-bit variable that we want to use for storing real numbers. We decided touse 3 bits for storing the fractional part of the number. What are the minimum andmaximum values that we can store this way. What is the numerical error when storingvalue −7.6?arrow_forwardYou are asked to design a 16-bit floating point number system to store the lengths of various man-made objects. This system should work in a similar way as the IEEE754 standard. Assume a value stored in the system denotes the length of an object in centimeters, assume also that the maximum length to be stored is 45845.0 centimeters (i.e. length of the biggest man-made oil-tanker, the “Seawise Giant”). Note: This representation has normalized, de-normalized and special cases as you have seen in IEEE754 standard. Answer the questions below: a) Is sign bit needed in this system? Why yes or why not. b) What is the minimum number of bits needed for the exponent? What is the value of the corresponding bias? Show your steps clearly. If you write the values directly without showing the steps, you will not get any point. c) What is the maximum length the system can represent? Please show your steps clearly, otherwise no point will be given.arrow_forwardA binary code uses ten bits to represent each of the ten decimal digits. Each digit is assigned a codeof nine 0’s and a 1. The code for digit 6, for example, is 0001000000. Determine the binary code forthe remaining decimal digits.arrow_forward8. We have the following code word: 01111010101. This string has 7 data bits, plus 4check bits. We are using an error-correcting code that can correct single bit errors.In fact, there is a single bit error in this code. Assuming the use of the Hammingalgorithm, locate the bit that has been altered.arrow_forwardWrite the symbol used in the following language of mathematics: 1. The complement of the complement of A 2. The set of rational numbers 3. The Cartesian product of B and C 4. 3 is an integer 5. The value of y ranges from -4 to 5 6. The square of a number is positive 7. J belongs to both sets A and B 8. Point A's distance from D is equal to point B's distance from Darrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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