![EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/8220102955479/8220102955479_largeCoverImage.jpg)
EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220102955479
Author: Ross
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 6, Problem P27P
a.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
- Consider that the packet for Voice-over-IP contains p bytes and 5 bytes of header.
- The source is encoded at the rate of 128 kbps.
To Find: Packetization delay (in milliseconds).
Solution:
The time needed to fill (L * 8) bits are:
b.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
- Consider that the packet for Voice-over-IP contains p bytes and 5 bytes of header.
To Find:
- Packetization delay for L = 1500 bytes (in milliseconds).
- Packetization delay for L = 50 bytes (in milliseconds).
Solution:
The formula to find Packetization is:
For
Packetization delay for
Therefore, the Packetization delay is:
c.
Explanation of Solution
Given:
- Consider that the packet for Voice-over-IP contains p bytes and 5 bytes of header.
- The source is encoded at the rate of 128 kbps.
- Link Rate (R) = 622 Mbps for L = 1500 bytes and L = 50 bytes.
To Find: Store-and-forward delay
Solution:
The formula to find store-and-forward delay is
For
Store-and-forward delay for
Therefore, the store-and-forward delay is:
d.
Explanation of Solution
Advantage of using small packet size:
By using the smal...
Expert Solution & Answer
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Students have asked these similar questions
Consider two hosts, A and B that are connected by a transmissions link of2.1 Mbps. Assume that packets are of length 2.0 Kb (Kilobits) and the length of the link is 100Km.
a. What is the propagation delay from A to B, that is the amount of time from when the first bit of the packet is transmitted at A, until it is received at B?
b. What is the transmission time of the packet at A (the time from when the first bit of the packet is sent into the wire and the time at which the last bit is sent into the wire).
c. Suppose now that that length of the link is doubled. What is the propagation delay from A to B now and what is the transmission time?
d. Now suppose that node C is connected to node B also by a 2 Mbps, 100 Km link. How long does it take from when the first bit is transmitted by A to when the last bit is received at C, assuming B operates in a store-and -forward manner?
Suppose an extension of TCP allows window size much larger than 64 KB. Assume the
extended TCP runs over a 100-Mbps link with RTT 100 ms, segment size is 1 KB, and receiving
window size is 1 MB. How long does it take to send a 200 KB file?
TCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence
number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the
receiver at t = 6. The ACKS sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender att = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The
segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7.
t=1 T
data segment
t=2+
data segment
data segment--
t=3
TCP
sender
TCP
receiver
t=4+
t=5+
data segment
- data segment
t=6+
t36
data segment
t=7
data segment
t=8
data segment
t=9
ACK
+ t=10
k --
ACK
t=11
t=11
t=12
t=12
t=13
t=13
t=14
ACK
-ACK
ACK
t=15
t=16
t=17
ACK
t=18
What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.
Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK COMPUTER NETWORKING
Ch. 6 - Consider the transportation analogy in Section...Ch. 6 - If all the links in the Internet were to provide...Ch. 6 - Prob. R3RQCh. 6 - Prob. R4RQCh. 6 - Prob. R5RQCh. 6 - Prob. R6RQCh. 6 - Prob. R7RQCh. 6 - Prob. R8RQCh. 6 - Prob. R9RQCh. 6 - Prob. R10RQ
Ch. 6 - Prob. R11RQCh. 6 - Prob. R12RQCh. 6 - Prob. R13RQCh. 6 - Prob. R14RQCh. 6 - Prob. R15RQCh. 6 - Prob. R16RQCh. 6 - Suppose the information content of a packet is the...Ch. 6 - Suppose the information portion of a packet (D in...Ch. 6 - Prob. P4PCh. 6 - Prob. P5PCh. 6 - Prob. P6PCh. 6 - Prob. P7PCh. 6 - Prob. P8PCh. 6 - Prob. P9PCh. 6 - Prob. P10PCh. 6 - Prob. P11PCh. 6 - Prob. P12PCh. 6 - Prob. P13PCh. 6 - Prob. P14PCh. 6 - Prob. P15PCh. 6 - Prob. P16PCh. 6 - Prob. P17PCh. 6 - Prob. P18PCh. 6 - Prob. P19PCh. 6 - Prob. P20PCh. 6 - Prob. P21PCh. 6 - Prob. P22PCh. 6 - Prob. P23PCh. 6 - Prob. P24PCh. 6 - Prob. P25PCh. 6 - Prob. P26PCh. 6 - Prob. P27PCh. 6 - Prob. P32PCh. 6 - Prob. P33P
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- TCP a. Consider two TCP connections, one between Hosts A (sender) and B (receiver), and another between Hosts C (sender) and D (receiver). The RTT between A and B is half that of the RTT between C and D. Suppose that the senders' (A's and C's) congestion window sizes are identical. Is their throughput (number of segments transmitted per second) the same? Explain. b. Now suppose that the average RTT between A and B, and C and D are identical. The RTT between A and B is constant (never varies), but the RTT between C and D varies considerably. Will the TCP timer values of the two connections differ, and if so, how are they different, and why are they different? Give one reason why TCP uses a three-way (SYN, SYNACK, ACK) handshake rather than a two-way handshake to initiate a connection. a.arrow_forwardTCP congestion control example. Consider the figure below, where a TCP sender sends 8 TCP segments at t = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Suppose the initial value of the sequence number is 0 and every segment sent to the receiver each contains 100 bytes. The delay between the sender and receiver is 5 time units, and so the first segment arrives at the receiver at t = 6. The ACKs sent by the receiver at t = 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 are shown. The TCP segments (if any) sent by the sender at t = 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 are not shown. The segment sent at t=4 is lost, as is the ACK segment sent at t=7. TCP sender t=1 T t=2 t=3 t=4+ t=5- t=6+ t=11 t=12 t=13 t=14 t=15 t=16 t=17 t=18 I data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment data segment ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK ACK Ty A A V V htt TCP receiver t=6 t=7 t=8 t=9 t=10 t=11 t=12 t=13 What does the sender do at t=17? You can assume for this question that no timeouts have occurred.arrow_forwardGiven a M/M/1 queue, which has packets arriving at a rate 2 packets/sec, an output link rate R bps, and an average packet size of 1500 bytes, write down: the expression for T, the average delay for a packet (i.e., from arrival till completing transmission at the output). b. the expression for the output utilization c. the expression for average number of packets in the queue d. the expression for average number of packets in the output NICarrow_forward
- This elementary problem begins to explore propagation delay and transmission delay, two central concepts in data networking. Consider two hosts, A and B, connected by a single link of rate R bps. Suppose that the two hosts are separated by m meters, and suppose the propagation speed along the link is s meters/sec. Host A is to send a packet of size L bits to Host B. a. Express the propagation delay, dprop, in terms of m and s.b. Determine the transmission time of the packet, dtrans, in terms of L and R.c. Ignoring processing and queuing delays, obtain an expression for the end-to-end delay.d. Suppose Host A begins to transmit the packet at time t = 0. At time t = dtrans, where is the last bit of the packet?e. Suppose dprop is greater than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?f. Suppose dprop is less than dtrans. At time t = dtrans, where is the first bit of the packet?g. Suppose s = 2.5 * 108 meters/sec, L = 120 bits, and R = 0.112 Mbps. Find the distance m…arrow_forwardIn this problem you will be doing some elementary calculations oftransmission and propagation delays.Consider two hosts, A and B that are connected by a transmissions link of2.1 Mbps. Assume that packets are of length 2.0 Kb (Kilobits) and thelength of the link is 100Km.a. What is the propagation delay from A to B, that is the amount of timefrom when the first bit of the packet is transmitted at A, until it is receivedat B? and What is the transmission time of the packet at A (the time from when the first bit of the packet is sent into the wire and the time at which the last bit is sent into the wire).arrow_forwardConsider a network connecting two systems located 4000 kilometers apart. The bandwidth of the network is 500 x Mbps. The propagation speed of the media is 4 × 106 meters per second. It is needed to design a Go-Back-N sliding window protocol for this network. The average packet size is 107 bits. The network is to be used to its full capacity. Assume that processing delays at nodes are negligible. What is the minimum size in bits of the sequence number field?arrow_forward
- Skype is a well‑known VoIP system used not only for peer‑to‑peer conversations but also for audio and video conferencing involving three or more callers. Assume a video conference with a central server on Skype has N callers, and each caller generates a constant data stream at rate r bps. How many bits per second does the call initiator need to send? How many bits does each of other N‑1 callers need to send?arrow_forwardConsider sending real-time data from Host A to Host B over a packet-switched network. Host A takes an 8-bit measurement every millisecond, and Host A collects these into 64-byte packets. There is one link between Hosts A and B; its transmission rate is 5 Mbps, its propagation delay is 2 × 108 meters/sec, and its length is 3 km. As soon as Host A gathers a packet, it sends the packet to Host B. How much time elapses from the time that Host A begins to take the first measurement in a packet until the entire packet reaches Host B?arrow_forwardConsider a half-duplex point-to-point link using a stop-and-wait scheme, in which a series of messages is sent, with each message segmented into a number of frames. Ignore errors and frame overhead. A. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing the message size so that fewer messages will be required? Other factors remain constant. B. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing the number of frames for a constant message size? C. What is the effect on line utilization of increasing frame size?arrow_forward
- A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,200 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?arrow_forwardConsider a simple protocol for transferring files over a link. After some initial negotiation, A sends data packets of size 1 KB to B; B then replies with an acknowledgment. A always waits for each ACK before sending the next data packet; this is known as stop-and-wait. Packets that are overdue are presumed lost and are retransmitted. (a) In the absence of any packet losses or duplications, explain why it is not necessary to include any "sequence number" data in the packet headers. (b) Suppose that the link can lose occasional packets, but that packets that do arrive always arrive in the order sent. Is a 2-bit sequence number (that is, N mod 4) enough for A and B to detect and resend any lost packets? Is a 1-bit sequence number enough? (c) Now suppose that the link can deliver out of order and that sometimes a packet can be delivered as much as 1 minute after subsequent packets. How does this change the sequence number requirements?arrow_forwardComputer A uses the Go-back-N ARQ protocol to send a 110 Mbytes file to computer B with a window size of 15. Given each frame carries 100K bytes data. How long does it take to send the whole file (the total time taken from A sending the first bit of the file until A receiving the last acknowledgment)? Given that the transmission rate of the link is 500 Mbps and the propagation time between A and B is 15ms. Assume no data or control frame is lost or damaged and ignore the overhead due to header and trailer.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Operations Research : Applications and AlgorithmsComputer ScienceISBN:9780534380588Author:Wayne L. WinstonPublisher:Brooks ColePrinciples of Information Security (MindTap Cours...Computer ScienceISBN:9781337102063Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. MattordPublisher:Cengage LearningSystems ArchitectureComputer ScienceISBN:9781305080195Author:Stephen D. BurdPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780534380588/9780534380588_smallCoverImage.gif)
Operations Research : Applications and Algorithms
Computer Science
ISBN:9780534380588
Author:Wayne L. Winston
Publisher:Brooks Cole
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781337102063/9781337102063_smallCoverImage.gif)
Principles of Information Security (MindTap Cours...
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337102063
Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord
Publisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305080195/9781305080195_smallCoverImage.gif)
Systems Architecture
Computer Science
ISBN:9781305080195
Author:Stephen D. Burd
Publisher:Cengage Learning