Concept explainers
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS A human pancreatic cell obtains O2—and necessary molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and cholesterol—from its environment, and it releases CO2 as a waste product. In response to hormonal signals, the cell secretes digestive enzymes. It also regulates its ion concentrations by exchange with its environment. Based on what you have just learned about the structure and function of cellular membranes, write a short essay (100-150 words) to describe how such a cell accomplishes these interactions with its environment.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 7 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY,VOL.II >CUSTOM<
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Seeley's Anatomy & Physiology
Human Anatomy & Physiology (Marieb, Human Anatomy & Physiology) Standalone Book
MARINE BIOLOGY
Microbiology: An Introduction
Prescott's Microbiology
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach - Standalone book
- Match each membrane molecule with its corresponding description. [Each choice will be used exactly once.] Help animal cell membranes maintain fluidity. Combine with other molecules to make cell surface markers that identify self from non- self. Lipid that can be described as saturated or unsaturated. Can serve as transport channels. 1. Phospholipids 2. Carbohydrates 3. Proteins 4. Cholesterolarrow_forwardPlants and animals are both made up of eukaryotic cells. Does this mean they have the same kinds of organelles? Why or why not? A complex of protein and RNA that assembles proteins. A cell makes and secretes a certain protein. Explain where it is made, how it is secreted from the cell, and what kind of transport is used. Why do some molecules need help moving across a cell membrane in the form of energy?arrow_forwardMatch the following cellular features and activities with the properties of cells. Cell structure is highly complex and organized structurally. Cell posseses genetic information. Cells engage in metabolism. Cells sense and respond to changes in the environment. A. Mistakes in the genetic material are called mutation. B. Protein receptors on cell membranes receive specific ligands that "communicate" the presence of a simulus or stimuli. C. Cells contain "blueprints" for constructing cellular structures, for rrunning cellular activities and for making more of themselves. D. All living systems are capable of doing "work" in whatever form. E. Cell…arrow_forward
- State the functions and importance of each of the following cell membrane components. 1. Phospholipid 2. Sphingolipid 3. Glycoprotein 4. Glycolipid 5. Peripheral Protein 6. Integral Protein 7. Cholesterol 8. Cytoskeleton Filamentsarrow_forward. Diatomic oxygen (O2) exhibits which of the following membrane transport movements? A. it is not able to cross the membrane by passive transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is not able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, polar, and inorganic it is able to cross the membrane by facilitated diffusion, because it is small, polar, and organic it is able to cross the membrane by active transport, because it is big, nonpolar, and organic it is able cross the membrane by simple diffusion, because it is small, nonpolar, and inorganicarrow_forwardMatch the organelle/cellular component to its function: Contains enzymes that break down and digest unneeded cellular components, such as a damaged organelle (can be thought of as part of the "wrecking crew". 6 3 X *** Jelly-like fluid inside the cell. Makes and modifies proteins destined for the cell membrane or for export from the cell Packages and delivers proteins and lipids. Cellular respiration takes place here. It is the "energy transformer" of the cell". Membrane-bound "container" used for transporting substances. Neutralize poisons such as alcohol. Scaffolding of the cell. Synthesizes lipids and steroid hormones. Used for movement of cells. 2. Ribosome 3. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum 4. Golgi Apparatus Cytosol 5. Vesicle 6. 7. 8. 9. Lysosome Mitochondria Cilia and Flagella Cytoskeleton 10. Rough endoplasmic reticulum 11. peroxisomearrow_forward
- Discuss the permeability of the phospholipid bilayer to the molecules and ions listed below. Is the bilayer freely permeable, somewhat permeable, or impermeable to each of these? 1. OH- 2. H* 3. 0₂ 4. C6H12O6 5. H₂O 6. CO₂ Which is not a major function of the protein in cell membranes? They are important for membrane transport They are important for cell-to-cell joining They function as enzymes They regulate membrane fluidity Which is not true about cell membranes? They frequently flip-flop from one side of the membrane to the other - They can move freely within one side of the bilayer Fatty acid tails of phospholipids form the membrane interior The interior of the bilayer is hydrophoicarrow_forwardMembrane proteins are key components of a typical cell membrane. Explain the importance of the proteins inside membranes to the cell membrane itself, and overall life. Include a diagram that illustrates . Your labelled diagram needs to show two different types of transport proteins embedded within a typical cell 1. membrane. 2. Serine is an uncharged, polar amino acid (below and left). Threonine (below and right) is another uncharged, polar amino acid. Illustrate the hydrolysis of a dipeptide that was made from these two amino acids. Be sure to write all involved reactants and products in the structural form like Serine, and as a proper chemical equation; e.g. reactant(s) - product(s). Your diagram of the dipeptide must show the N-terminal and C-terminal ends at opposite sides of the dimer molecule, and you need to indicate where the peptide bond is with an arrow/highlighter. „H C-N OH NH2 но CH — CH -с-соон он Harrow_forwardThe cell membrane is an excellent example of an organism's use of large molecules. Which answer is most correct? 1. Lipids (with their typical ring shape) can also be noted, embedded in the surface of the membrane or attached to other molecules. 2. Macromolecules are integrated into the membrane, passing from the extracellular space to the intracellular space. 3. The use of several types of proteins can be noted, lending looseness to the membrane. Different shapes of proteins can also be noted, such as the alpha-helix secondary structure. 4. The mixture of proteins and carbohydrate molecules serve in signaling and defensearrow_forward
- What are the network of protein fibers that help maintain the shape of the cell referred to as? Question 8 options: cytoskeleton plasma membrane vacuole lysosome cytoplasm What is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy for cell metabolism? Reactions that absorb free energy are called what? Why can't cells store extra free energy?What is the term for when an activator binds to an enzyme, which alters the active site so that the substrate is able to bind? Question 12 options: competitive inhibition allosteric activation active site allosteric inhibition Activate Windows Go to Settings to activate Varrow_forwardWhich statements correctly describe the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)? It has ribosomes bound to its membrane. It synthesizes proteins that will be sent out of the cell. It stores and releases calcium ions. It is connected to the membrane of the nucleus. It is used to transport mRNA to the cell membrane.arrow_forwardWhat role does cholesterol play in the plasma membrane? It provides a patching medium, and helps maintain optimal fluidity of the membrane. It provides binding sites for signaling molecules at the membrane surface. It stores DNA in the membrane, to exchange genetic information with nearby cells. It provides a transport channel for charged molecules to pass through.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning