Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 10TYU
Summary Introduction
To explain:
How the use of DNP causes weight loss and death.
Concept introduction:
DNP stand for dinitrophenol. It is a chemical associated with weight loss as it increases the basal
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physiciansprescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol(DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method wasabandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples thechemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of theinner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Explain howthis could cause weight loss and death.
In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ . Explain how this could cause weight loss and death.
Cyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen.Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide?How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly.. Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 7.1 - Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 7.1 - Name and describe the two ways in which ATP is...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.2 - During step 6 in Figure 7.9, which molecule acts...Ch. 7.3 - Name the molecules that conserve most of the...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 7.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an...Ch. 7.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.6 - WHAT IF? During intense exercise, can a muscle...Ch. 7 - The immediate energy source that drives ATP...Ch. 7 - Which metabolic pathway is common to both...Ch. 7 - In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions A. are...Ch. 7 - The final electron acceptor of the electron...Ch. 7 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 7 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 7 - Most co, from catabolism is released during A....Ch. 7 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 7 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION ATP synthases are found in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Could the inner mitochondrial membrane carry out its functions in the coupling of electron transport and ATP synthesis if its lipid bilayer were readily permeable to hydrogen ions (protons)?arrow_forwardThe proton pump in oxidative phosphorylation creates a gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. What kind of energy is generated with such gradient? answer choices A.) Membrane energy B.)Potential energy C.) Protonic energy D.) Kinetic energyarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The formation of water aids in establishing the ion gradient between the inner matrix and intermembrane space. b.Every protein complex in the electron transport chain is involved in the direct pumping of H+ in the intermembrane space. c.There is an existing electrochemical gradient between the intermembrane space and the inner mitochondrial matrix.arrow_forward
- The ATP synthase F1 of mitochondrial inner membranes sticks into the ________ and the ________ conformation of the active site catalyzes ATP synthesis. A. matrix; loose B. intermembrane space; open C. matrix; tight D. intermembrane space; tight E. matrix; openarrow_forwardIn phase II of ETS diagram and label the ATP synthase along with the inner mitochondrial membrane it is sitting in. Your diagram must show the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. Describe how it works step by steparrow_forwardCyanide is a toxic substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome coxidase enzyme that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen. Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide? How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly. .Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.arrow_forward
- There are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of the inner membrane space and the mitochondrial matrix?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning ATP synthesis in mitochondria is FALSE? a. interruption of the flow of electrons from NADH to oxygen would decrease ATP synthesis b. making the inner mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+ would decrease ATP synthesis c. the energy liberated by the electron-transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into the IM-space d. the movement of H+ through a special channel enzyme (synthase) results in ATP synthesis e. when protons move from the matrix to the IM-space, ATP is made from ADP + Piarrow_forwardWhich of the following substances can deliver electrons to the ETC to help pump out H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane? A. NADH B. FADH2 C. NAD+ D. FAD E. H2O A, B and E C and D A and B A, B, C, Darrow_forward
- Which of the takes place during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria? a. protons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space b. protons are pumped from the intermembrane space to the matrix c. electrons are pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space d. electrons are pumped from the intermembrane space to the matrix e. NADH is pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane spacearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the generation of ATP in the electron transport chain is correct? a. The generation of ATP from ADP coupled to electron transfer occurs by substrate level phosphorylation as in glycolysis. b. ATP synthase generation of ATP involves a rotating structure inside the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. ATP synthase generation of ATP involves a rotating structure outside the inner mitochondrial membrane. d. Electron transport generates a proton gradient across the outer mitochondrial membrane.arrow_forwardWould you mind explaining the Electron Transport System how you understand it? Explanation: The electron transport chain is a series of electron transporters embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane that shuttles electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen. In the process, protons are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space, and oxygen is reduced to form water. Question: Respond to the Explanation post above about the electron transport chain.arrow_forward
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