The average speed of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the Sun.

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Chapter 7, Problem 14Q

To determine

The average speed of hydrogen atoms at the surface of the Sun.

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Jupiter's exosphere has a temperature of about 780.0 K. What is the thermal speed of hydrogen (in km/s) in Jupiter's exosphere? The mass of a hydrogen atom is 1.67 x 10-27 kg and Boltzmann's constant is k = 1.38 × 10-23 Joule/Kelvin.

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Assume that when in thermal equilibrium (i.e. the temperature is not changing) Mars absorbs all of the heat it receives from the Sun and then re-radiates it as black body radiation from all parts of its spherical surface. Assuming that Mars' temperature is uniform across all of its surface, calculate the temperature on Mars. The Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ=5.7×10−8 W m−2K−4.To answer this question you need to balance the total energy per second being absorbed by Mars with the total energy per second being radiated by Mars. Key: Flux of radiation from the Sun at Mars' orbital radius is 597 W m-2. The luminosity of the Sun Ls = 3.8×1026 W. Mars orbits at a distance of 2.25×1011 m (1.5 AU) from the Sun. Total amount of radiative energy per second is 2.2 x 1016 W.