Concept explainers
(a)
To determine:
From the above mentioned table which patient have frameshift mutation.
Concept introduction:
A mutation is biological process which is defined as the permanent alteration in the
(b)
To determine:
From the above mentioned table how many amino acids are missing from patient E.
Concept introduction:
A mutation is biological process which is defined as the permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation is unpredictable change that alters the protein function by changing shape of amino acid. It occurs naturally within the cell or by certain environmental factors such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
(c)
To determine:
Which patient will produce a shortened protein.
Concept introduction:
A mutation is biological process which is defined as the permanent alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Mutation is unpredictable change that alters the protein function by changing shape of amino acid. It occurs naturally within the cell or by certain environmental factors such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation.
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BIOLOGY: CONCEPTS & INVESTIGATIONS
- The genetic alteration responsible for sickle-cell anemia in humans involves: a transition mutation from A to G, substituting glutamic acid for valine in a-globin a transversion mutation from T to A, substituting valine for glutamic acid in b-globin a transition mutation from T to C, substituting valine for glutamic acid in b-globin a transversion mutation from G to C, substituting glutamic acid for valine in a-globin a frameshift mutation of one ATC codon, removing glutamic acid from b-globinarrow_forwardA small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence: CCT AAG GAT TCA CTT Which of the following mutations would cause a missense mutation in the sequence shown above? a. Replacement of first guanine base with cytosine base b. Replacement of first thymine base with cytosine base c. Replacement of second thymine base with adenine base d. Replacement of seond guanine base with adenine basearrow_forwardThe codon chart below shows that adenine-uracil-guanine (AUG) codes for the amino acid methionine, and cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) codes for glutamine in humans. What do those two codons code for in carrots? A. valine and aspartic acid B. isoleucine and histidine C. methionine and glutamine D. serine and glutamic acidarrow_forward
- Which of the following mutations in the protein-coding region of a gene is more likely to lead to complete loss of function of the encoded protein: an insertion of six nucleotides or a deletion of two nucleotides? Briefly explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would probably cause the most severe damage to a gene's expression and phenotype a. A missense mutation changing the first methionine codon to an arginine codon. b. A deletion of a base in the 455th codon of a 456-amino acid protein. c. Alteration of a UGG codon to a UGA codon at position 324 of a 324 amino acid protein. d. Mutation of a GUC codon (valine) to a GUU codon (valine).arrow_forwardConsider this sequence below: GAG TAC ACG AGT GGA Which of the following options is an example of a non-synonymous point mutation? (remember to translate to mRNA!) A. GAG TAC AAT CGA GTG GA B. GAG TAC ACG GGT GGA C. GAG TAC A–G AGT GGA D. GAG TAC ACG AGA GGAarrow_forward
- The following is as segment of mRNA: 5'-UCGGAAUGUGGUGGCAUACAGGCUUACAGAACUAAGUCUGAGAAU-3' A. How many amino acids long will be the protein translated from the only reading frame available in this segment? B. If a mutation changes the third letter of the stop codon in the only reading frame available in this segment, how many amino acids long will be the protein translated?arrow_forwardA small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence: CTA TCC CCT ACG TCA Which of the following mutations would cause a silent mutation in the sequence shown above? a. Replacement of first thymine base with adenine base b. Replacement of second thymine base with guanine base c. Replacement of first cytosine base with guanine base d. Replacement of second adenine base with thymine basearrow_forwardA small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence:CTG GGA TCC TAA GGTWhich of the following mutations would cause a nonsense mutation in the sequence shown above? Select one: a. Replacement of second adenine base with a cytosine base b. Insertion of guanine base after the first thymine base c. Insertion of guanine base after the first adenine base d. Replacement of second cytosine base with a adenine basearrow_forward
- A small section of a gene for a protein has the following nucleotide sequence: TAT AGG GAC CTA TGT Which of the following mutations would cause a missense mutation in the sequence shown above? a. Replacement of first cytosine base with guanine base b. Replacement of final thymine base with guanine base c. Replacement of second guanine base with cytosine base d. Replacement of first thymine base with adenine basearrow_forwardA. What amino acid sequence is encoded by the codon sequence AUAAUGGUAACGGUU? B. Suppose the codon sequence AGACACUCUAUUAAA has a single base pair mutation to AGACACUCUUUUAAA. If the old protein sequence was Arg-His-Ser-Ile-Lys, what will be the new sequence encoded by the mutant gene?arrow_forwardDNA mutations can affect the reading frame for the genetic code. What is a human condition caused by these mutations? Identify how the reading frame is affected.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning