Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 7, Problem 1A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The disk-diffusion method tests the effectiveness of antibiotics on a specific microorganism.
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a. Let’s say for example that a milk sample has 10,000 bacteria per milliliters. If 1 mL of this sample were plated out, these would theoretically be 10,000 colonies in the Petri plate. Discuss and explain the serial dilutions of this example.
b.
The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate 3 disinfectants. The results were as follows:
Solution
Zone of inhibition
X
0 mm
Y
5 mm
Z
10 mm
How would you interpret? Provide inference.
A pure bacterial culture of unknown concentration was diluted to determine the
concentration of viable bacteria in the original culture. Serial dilutions were performed as
1.
diagrammed below. Each dilution tube contained 400 ul of diluent and 100 ul was transferred
into each tube. TSA plates were inoculated with 100 µul from the last three dilution tubes.
a. What is the dilution between each tube shown in the diagram below? Express your
answer as a ratio.
b. What is the total dilution of tube number 5? Express your answer as a ratio.
c. What is the concentration of viable bacteria in the original culture? Express your
answer using scientific notation and the units CFU/ml.
d. What is the concentration of viable bacteria in tube number 2? Express your answer
using the units CFU/ml.
e. If you inoculated a TSA plate with 250 µl from tube number 5, how many colonies would
you expect to see after the plate was incubated?
1
2
3
5
423
80
13
Number of colonies
You spread 0.1 mL volume of a 10^(-6) dilution onto a nutrient agar plate. After 24 hours of incubation at 37°C, there were 280 colonies of bacteria on the plate. A.) What is the original concentration (OCD) of bacteria in the stock sample this dilution came from? B.) Using the OCD value from part A, determine the number of colonies that would be expected to grow on a plate that is inoculated with 0.1 mL volume of 10^(-8) dilution from this same stock of bacteria. Show your work for both.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 7 - The thermal death time for a suspension of...Ch. 7 - If pasteurization does not achieve sterilization,...Ch. 7 - Thermal death point is not considered an accurate...Ch. 7 - Prob. 4RCh. 7 - DRAW IT A bacterial culture was in log phase in...Ch. 7 - How do autoclaving, hot air, and pasteurization...Ch. 7 - How do salts and sugars preserve foods? Why are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8RCh. 7 - A large hospital washes burn patients in a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10R
Ch. 7 - Which of the following does not kill endospores?...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is most effective for...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 7 - Which of the following cannot be used to sterilize...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 7 - The data were obtained from a use-dilution test...Ch. 7 - The data were obtained from a use-dilution test...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 7 - A classmate is trying to determine how a...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is most likely to be...Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ACh. 7 - For each of the following bacteria, explain why it...Ch. 7 - A use-dilution test was used to evaluate two...Ch. 7 - To determine the lethal action of microwave...Ch. 7 - Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were...Ch. 7 - Between March 9 and April 12five chronic...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CAE
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- In the Kirby-Bauer test, which of the following must be consistent? a. concentration of bacteria placed on the plate b. type of medium in the plate c. concentration of antimicrobial drug in the disk d. all of thesearrow_forwardA pure bacterial culture of unknown concentration was diluted to determine the concentration of viable bacteria in the original culture. Serial dilutions were performed as 2. diagrammed below. A volume of 500 µl was transferred into each tube. TSA plates were inoculated with 100 µl from the last three dilution tubes. a. If the dilution between each tube is 102, what is the volume of diluent in each of the 5 dilution tubes? Provide the volume using ml as the units. b. What is the total dilution of tube number 4? Express the total dilution using scientific notation. c. What is the concentration of viable bacteria in the original culture? Express the concentration using scientific notation and CFU/ml as the units. d. If you inoculated a TSA plate with 1.0 ml from dilution tube 4, how many colonies would you expect to form on the plate after incubation? e. If the original culture had a volume of 50ml, what was the total number of viable bacteria in the 50 ml of the original culture? 1 2 3…arrow_forwardDesign a serial dilution procedure to achieve a 56-colony count, from a sample with 8.75x105 CFU/mL bacterial concentration. show solutionarrow_forward
- A relatively large zone of inhibition surrounding an antimicrobial disk on a Kirby-Bauer test plate would most likely be interpreted as: a. sensitive reaction b. intermediate reaction c. resistant reactionarrow_forwardNeutralization of residual disinfectant could be made by: a. Dilution if the concentration exponent is high b. Dilution if the concentration exponent is low c. Adding specific agent e.g. 3% Tween 80 d. Either a or c e. Either b or carrow_forwardThis agar plate was obtained by spreading 0.1 ml of a 1:1,000 dilution of a bacterial sample taken from cole slaw, and then incubating at 37oC for 24h. This plate indicates that: a. there are 42 bacteria/ml on the cole slaw b. there are at least 4 different types of bacteria in the cole slaw c. there are approximately 42,000 bacteria/ml in the cole slaw sample d. there are approximately 420,000 bacteria/ml in the cole slaw e. these bacteria cannot cause illness because they came from the person’s skin who made the cole slawarrow_forward
- A pure culture was inoculated onto a Mueller-Hinton agar plate. The Kirby-Bauer procedure was performed. One of the drugs tested showed a large zone of inhibition but also had small colonies growing within this zone. Further testing showed that these colonies were not the results of contamination. Why would these colonies be present within this zone of inhibition?arrow_forwardA microbiology student was given a mixed culture of two different gram positive bacteria species to grow into a culture medium using correct aseptic techniques. After two days,one gram positive bacterial species grew on the media and the growth appeared red on the surface of the medium. Tthe second gram positive bacterial species grew and the growth appeared yellow on the surface of the medium. What is the possible explanation for the differences in the color of the bacterial growth? A. the culture was contaminated B. the microbiologist put too much inoculum on the culture medium C. the medium was a selective medium D. the medium was differentialarrow_forwarda) explain in your own words how to do a nitrate reduction test to identify unknown bacteria b) explain in your own words how to perform a phenol red broth (prb) test to help identify unknown bacteriaarrow_forward
- The following data were obtained from a disk-diffusion test. Antibiotic Zone of Inhibition 15 mm 0 mm 7 mm 15 mm a. Which antibiotic was most effective against the bacteria being tested? b. Which antibiotic would you recommend for treating a disease caused by this bacterium? c. Was antibiotic A bactericidal or bacteriostatic? How can you tell?arrow_forwardThe following data were obtained by incubating gram-positive bacteria in nutrient medium + disinfectant for 24 hours, then transferring one loopful to nutrient medium (subculturing). (+ = growth; - = no growth. a. Table 7.3, which disinfectant is the most effective at stopping bacterial growth? How can you tell? b. In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was bactericidal? How can you tell? c. In Table 7.3, which disinfectant was most effective against Salmonella? How can you tell? [Hint: look up Salmonella] Table 7.3 K.O. Subculture Doom Dilution Initial Subculture Initial 1:16 1:32 1:64 1:128 Mortum Sterl Dilution Initial Subculture Initial Subculture 1:16 1:32 1:64 1:128arrow_forwardBelow are the results of our disc diffusion study using antiseptics and disinfectants. Use the results to answer the following questions: 1:10 Lab diluted Lab Tincture bleach Disinfectant Isopropanol soap Lysol of iodine BL DIS ISP SO LYS T of I E.coli 40 mm 20 mm 10 mm 5mm 15mm 60 mm Bacillus 50 mm 35 mm 15 mm 8mm 20mm 70 mm cereus chemical (s) best at inhibiting both Gram- negative and Gram-positive bacteria [Choose ] [Choose] chemical least effective at inhibiting both Soap bacteria 1:10 freshly diluted bleach chemical recommended by CDC for decontamination of surfaces contaminate with blod possibly carrying HIV/Hepatitis B or C viruses Tincture of lodinearrow_forward
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