Laboratory Experiments For Chemistry: The Central Science, Si Edition
Laboratory Experiments For Chemistry: The Central Science, Si Edition
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781292221335
Author: Theodore E. Brown
Publisher: PEARSON
Question
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Chapter 7, Problem 1DE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The test of the given hypothesis on the alkali metals; also the factors favoring the superoxide formation.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The oxidation of rubidium and cesium in presence of air forms superoxide. The bigger size of cation is a favorable factor for superoxide formation.

Explanation of Solution

The alkali metals such as rubidium and cesium which has lower first ionization energies can be used to test the given hypothesis. The larger size of cation results in the easy removal of electron due to which ionization energy of the atom decreases. Therefore, the oxidation of rubidium and cesium metal in presence of oxygen results in the formation of superoxide which confirms the statement that the lower ionization energy favors the superoxide formation.

The larger size cation can accommodate the larger size anion around it. Therefore, the bigger size of cation is a property which favors the superoxide formation.

Conclusion

The oxidation of rubidium and cesium in presence of air forms superoxide. The bigger size of cation is a favorable factor for superoxide formation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The experiment to determine the potassium peroxide reacts with H2O(g) and CO2(g) or not; also the products of the reaction.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The color of potassium superoxide salt changes from light yellow to white on reaction with water and carbon dioxide. The products of the reaction with water is KOH,KHO2 and oxygen gas and the products of reaction with CO2(g) is K2CO3 and O2 .

Explanation of Solution

The potassium superoxide is a yellow color salt. The reaction of potassium superoxide with water results in the change of its color from yellow to white. In the same way the potassium superoxide changes its color instaneously on coming in contact with water. This experiment confirms that the potassium superoxide reacts with carbon dioxide and water.

The reaction of potassium superoxide with water is given as,

    2KO2(s)+H2O(g)KOH(s)+KHO2(s)+O2(g)

The reaction of potassium superoxide with carbon dioxide is given as,

    4KO2(s)+2CO2(g)2K2CO3(s)+3O2(g)
Conclusion



The color of potassium superoxide salt changes from light yellow to white on reaction with water and carbon dioxide. The products of the reaction with water is KOH,KHO2 and oxygen gas and the products of reaction with CO2(g) is K2CO3 and O2 .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The experiment to determine the reaction given in part (b) important in the firefighters breathing masks or not.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The green canister present in the breathing apparatus contains potassium superoxide as oxygen generator.

Explanation of Solution

The firefighter breathing apparatus contains a green canister which contains the chemicals which are used in the breathing apparatus. This is present at the base of the breathing device, The oxygen generated by the green canister is done by using potassium superoxide present in the green canister. This confirms that the reaction given in part (b) is important in the firefighters breathing apparatus.

Conclusion

The green canister present in the breathing apparatus contains potassium superoxide as oxygen generator.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The experiment to determine the percentages of KO2(s) and K2O(s) in the given mixture.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 1DE

Solution: The reaction of KO2(s) in vacuum at 290°C results in the formation of K2O2 which given percentage of KO2(s) which is again heated to 530°C forms K2O(s) and the difference of both will give the percentage of K2O(s) .

Explanation of Solution



The potassium superoxide on removal of oxygen at 290°C in vacuum produces K2O2 which is done as a experiment to determine the percentage of KO2(s) in the given mixture. The mass of product formed will give the mass of KO2(s) in the mixture.
The above reaction is still goes on heating will gives the formation of K2O(s) from the K2O2 which gives mass of KO2(s) and K2O(s) both in the given mixture which can be used to determine the mass of K2O(s) in the mixture.
After determining the mass of KO2(s) and K2O(s) , their percentages in the given mixture can be calculated.

Conclusion



The reaction of KO2(s) in vacuum at 290°C results in the formation of K2O2 which given percentage of KO2(s) which is again heated to 530°C forms K2O(s) and the difference of both will give the percentage of K2O(s) .

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Chapter 7 Solutions

Laboratory Experiments For Chemistry: The Central Science, Si Edition

Ch. 7.4 - Consider the following statements about first...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 7.6.2PECh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.7.1PECh. 7.4 - Write the electron configurations for (a) Ga3+...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 7.8.1PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.8.2PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.9.1PECh. 7.6 - Prob. 7.9.2PECh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.10.1PECh. 7.7 - Prob. 7.10.2PECh. 7 - Prob. 1DECh. 7 - Prob. 1ECh. 7 - 7.2 Which of these spheres represents F, which...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3ECh. 7 - Prob. 4ECh. 7 - Prob. 5ECh. 7 - Prob. 6ECh. 7 - Prob. 7ECh. 7 - Prob. 8ECh. 7 - Prob. 9ECh. 7 - Prob. 10ECh. 7 - Prob. 11ECh. 7 - 7.12 Moseley's experiments on X rays emitted from...Ch. 7 - Among elements 1-18, which element or elements...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14ECh. 7 - Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff...Ch. 7 - Detailed calculations show that the value of Zeff...Ch. 7 - Which will experience the greater effective...Ch. 7 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 7 - Prob. 19ECh. 7 - Prob. 20ECh. 7 - Tungsten has the highest melting point of any...Ch. 7 - Prob. 22ECh. 7 - Estimate the As-I bond length from the data in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 24ECh. 7 - Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of...Ch. 7 - Using only the periodic table, arrange each set of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 27ECh. 7 - Prob. 28ECh. 7 - Which neutral atom is isoelectronic with each of...Ch. 7 - Some ions do not have a corresponding neutral atom...Ch. 7 - Consider the isoelectronic ions F- and Na+. (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 32ECh. 7 - Prob. 33ECh. 7 - Arrange each of the following sets of atoms and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 35ECh. 7 - In the ionic compoundsLiF,NaCI,KBr, andRbl, the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 37ECh. 7 - 7.38 Write equations that show the process for...Ch. 7 - Prob. 39ECh. 7 - Prob. 40ECh. 7 - Prob. 41ECh. 7 - (a) What is the trend in first ionization energies...Ch. 7 - Prob. 43ECh. 7 - Prob. 44ECh. 7 - Prob. 45ECh. 7 - Prob. 46ECh. 7 - Prob. 47ECh. 7 - Prob. 48ECh. 7 - Write an equation for the second electron affinity...Ch. 7 - If the electron affinity for an element is a...Ch. 7 - Prob. 51ECh. 7 - 7.52 What is the relationship between the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 53ECh. 7 - Consider the following equation: Ca + (g) + e-...Ch. 7 - 7.55(a) Does metallic character increase,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 56ECh. 7 - Prob. 57ECh. 7 - Prob. 58ECh. 7 - Predict whether each of the following oxides is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 60ECh. 7 - Would you expect manganese(II) oxide, MnO, react...Ch. 7 - Prob. 62ECh. 7 - Prob. 63ECh. 7 - An element X reacts with oxygen to form X02 and...Ch. 7 - Prob. 65ECh. 7 - Prob. 66ECh. 7 - Prob. 67ECh. 7 - Prob. 68ECh. 7 - Prob. 69ECh. 7 - Write a balanced equation for the reaction that...Ch. 7 - (a) As described in Section 7.7 , the alkali...Ch. 7 - Prob. 72ECh. 7 - Prob. 73ECh. 7 - Prob. 74ECh. 7 - Prob. 75ECh. 7 - Prob. 76ECh. 7 - Prob. 77ECh. 7 - Prob. 78ECh. 7 - Consider the stable elements through lead (Z =...Ch. 7 - 17.80]Figure 7.4 shows the radial probability...Ch. 7 - (a) If the core electrons were totally effective...Ch. 7 - Prob. 82AECh. 7 - Prob. 83AECh. 7 - Prob. 84AECh. 7 - Prob. 85AECh. 7 - The following observations are made about two...Ch. 7 - Prob. 87AECh. 7 - Prob. 88AECh. 7 - Prob. 89AECh. 7 - Prob. 90AECh. 7 - Explain the variation in the ionization energies...Ch. 7 - Prob. 92AECh. 7 - Prob. 93AECh. 7 - Prob. 94AECh. 7 - Prob. 95AECh. 7 - Prob. 96AECh. 7 - Prob. 97AECh. 7 - The electron affinities. in kJ/mol, for the group...Ch. 7 - 7.99 Hydrogen is an unusual element because it...Ch. 7 - Prob. 100AECh. 7 - Prob. 101AECh. 7 - Which of the following is the expected product of...Ch. 7 - Elemental cesium reacts more violently with water...Ch. 7 - Prob. 104AECh. 7 - Prob. 105AECh. 7 - Prob. 106AECh. 7 - Prob. 107AECh. 7 - Prob. 108AECh. 7 - Prob. 109IECh. 7 - Prob. 110IECh. 7 - Prob. 111IECh. 7 - Mercury in the environment can exist in oxidation...Ch. 7 - When magnesium metal is burned in air (Figure 3.6...Ch. 7 - Prob. 114IECh. 7 - Prob. 115IE
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