a)
The type of dip-slip fault shown in Diagram 1 and the dominant force during faulting.
a)
Answer to Problem 1GST
Diagram 1 is showing a reverse fault and compressional stress is the dominant force during the faulting.
Explanation of Solution
“A fault is a fracture or a zone of displacement of rock masses relative to one another along a fracture. The rock above a fault plane is the hanging wall block and the rock below the fault is the footwall block.”
Diagram 1 is a reverse fault. A reverse fault occurs when the hanging wall block is uplifted along the fault surface with respect to the footwall; the responsible stress factor is compressional stress which creates folds along colliding plates. It may result in the horizontal shortening of crustal rock blocks.
b)
The type of dip-slip fault shown in Diagram 2 and the dominant force during faulting.
b)
Answer to Problem 1GST
Diagram 2 shows a normal fault and tensional stress is the dominant force during the faulting.
Explanation of Solution
“A fault is a fracture or a zone of displacement of rock masses relative to one another along a fracture. The rock above a fault plane is the hanging wall block and the rock below the fault is the footwall block.”
Diagram 2 is a normal fault. A normal fault occurs when the hanging wall block slips down along the fault surface with respect to the foot wall; tensional stress is the factor responsible for causing the formation of a normal fault. This stress pulls the rock masses apart and breaks them to cause a normal fault.
c)
The match of a correct pair of arrows in Diagram 3 to the faults in Diagrams 1and 2.
c)
Answer to Problem 1GST
Pair “a” represents Diagram 1 and pair “b” represents Diagram 2.
Explanation of Solution
“A fault is a fracture or a zone of displacement of rock masses relative to one another along a fracture. The rock above a fault plane is the hanging wall block and the rock below the fault is the footwall block.”
The matching pair of arrows with Diagram 1 is pair “a”; a reverse fault.
The matching pair of arrows with Diagram 2 is pair “b”; a normal fault.
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