Chapter 7, Problem 2PA

a)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “A” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “A” is BWh. It is an arid (desert) climate. The location that represents climate A is Faya, Chad.

Explanation of Solution

Since the precipitation in the driest winter months (June and August with precipitation) is less than one-tenth of the precipitation of the wettest summer month (July with precipitation $1.1\text{cm}$) and the mean annual temperature ($\text{29}°\text{C}$) is above 18°C (64.4°F), location A has a BWh climate. The climate type is desert. The location that matches with the given climate conditions is Faya, Chad. Faya is the largest city in northern Chad and has a hot desert climate.

b)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “B” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “B” is Aw. It is tropical savanna climate. The location that represents climate B is Kano, Nigeria.

Explanation of Solution

The location B has wet summer as the precipitation rates are higher on July to September. The temperature of the coolest month (January) is $\text{21}°\text{C}$ is higher than $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$). The mean annual precipitation is $\text{87}\text{.2cm}$ and the rainfall of the driest months is $\text{0}\text{.2cm}$, location B has a Aw climate. Kano is the state capital of Kano State in North West, Nigeria. It is located in the Sahelian geographic region, south of the Sahara. It has a tropical savanna climate.

c)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “C” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “C” is Am. It is tropical monsoon climate. The location that represents climate C is Miami, Florida. Miami has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am)

Explanation of Solution

Since the temperature of the coolest month ($\text{21}°\text{C}$) is higher than $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$) and the mean annual precipitation of the location “C” is $\text{149}\text{.0cm}$, location “C” has Am climate. It is a tropical climate. Miami, officially known as the City of Miami, is the economic, cultural, and financial center of South Florida. It has a tropical monsoon climate.

d)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “D” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “D” is Csa. It is a Mediterranean climate. The location that represents climate D is Perth, Australia.

Explanation of Solution

The precipitation of the driest month in summer (January) has less than three cm (1.2 in.) of precipitation and less than one third of the precipitation of the wettest winter month (June). Since the temperature of the coldest month ($13°\text{C}$) is between $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$) and 0°C (32°F) and the warmest month ($23°\text{C}$) above $22°\text{C}$ (71.6°F), location D has Csa climate. It is a mesothermal climate. Perth is the capital city as well as the largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. It has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate.

e)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “E” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “E” is BSk. It is a semi-arid climate. The location that represents climate E is Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Explanation of Solution

Location “E” is located in the northern hemisphere as the summer months fall from April to September. The Precipitation of the driest months in summer (January, February, March and November) has less than 3 cm (1.2 in.) of precipitation and less than one third of the precipitation of the wettest winter month (August). Since the mean annual temperature is $14°\text{C}$, which below $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$), the site “E” has BSk climate. The climate type is Steppe.

Albuquerque (ABQ), also locally known as Duke City, is the most populated city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It has a cold semi-arid climate. It is located in the northern tip of the Chihuahuan Desert, near the edge of the Colorado Plateau. The average annual precipitation is less than half of evaporation, and no month averages below freezing. Bright sunlight defines the place that averages 278 days a year.

f)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “F” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “F” is Af. It is a tropical rainforest climate.

The location that represents climate F is Belem, Brazil.

Explanation of Solution

location “F” has neither a dry winter (w) nor a dry summer (s). Instead an even distribution of precipitation (f). This location has constant monthly temperature values and year-round precipitation. Since the mean annual temperature is $\text{27}°\text{C}$ and mean annual precipitation is $\text{243}\text{.8cm}$, the temperature of the coolest month ($\text{26}°\text{C}$) is higher than $18°\text{C}$($64.4°\text{F}$) and the mean annual precipitation is $\text{243}\text{.8cm}$. The rainfall of the driest month ($\text{6}\text{.6cm}$) has at least $\text{6cm}$ of precipitation, the location F has Af climate. It is tropical climate.

Belém, is a city in Brazil. It is the capital city as well as the largest city of the Pará state in the country's north. It is the gateway to the Amazon River with a busy airport, port, and bus/coach station. It has a tropical rainforest.

g)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “G” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “G” is BSh. The climate type is Steppe. The location that represents climate G is Benghazi, Libya.

Explanation of Solution

Location “G” is located in the northern hemisphere as the summer months fall from April to September. The driest months in summer (June, July, and August) has less than 3 cm (1.2 in.) of precipitation and less than one third of the precipitation of the wettest winter months (January and December). Since the mean annual temperature is $20°\text{C}$, which is above $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$), location “G” has a dry summer. Since the mean annual temperature is $20°\text{C}$, which is above $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$), location “G” has BSh climate. Benghazi is the second-most populated city in Libya and the largest in Cyrenaica. It has a warm semi-arid climate.

h)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “H” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “H” is Csb. The climate type is Mediterranean. The location that represents climate H is Eureka, California.

Explanation of Solution

The precipitation of the driest months in summer (July, and August) has less than 3 cm (1.2 in.) of precipitation and less than one third of the precipitation of the wettest winter months (January and December). The mean annual temperature is $11°\text{C}$ with mean annual precipitation is $\text{97}\text{.6cm}$, the climate classification in location “H” is considered a dry summer.

Since the temperature of the coldest month ($9°\text{C}$) is between $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$) and 0°C (32°F), and more than one month has a temperature over ${\text{10}}^{\text{o}}\text{C,}$ and the site has its warmest month ($14°\text{C}$) below $22°\text{C}$ (71.6°F), with at least four months above 10°C (50°F), location “H” has a Csb climate. The climate type is Mediterranean.

Eureka is the principal city and county seat of Humboldt County in the Redwood Empire region of California. It has a mild, temperate cool-summer Mediterranean climate.

i)

To determine

The locations that represent climate “I” by the data in the previous table are from the following nine locations: Albuquerque, New Mexico; Edinburgh, Scotland; Belém, Brazil; Benghazi, Libya; Faya, Chad; Kano, Nigeria; Miami, Florida; Perth, Australia; Eureka, California.

Answer to Problem 2PA

The Köppen classification for the climate station “I” is Cfb. The climate type is Mediterranean. The location that represents climate I is Edinburgh, Scotland.

Explanation of Solution

Location “I” has neither a dry summer nor a dry winter. Instead, it has a relatively even distribution of precipitation (f). The mean annual temperature is $9°\text{C}$ with mean annual precipitation is $\text{65}\text{.8cm}$ of the site “I”. Since the temperature of the coldest month ($3°\text{C}$) is between $18°\text{C}$ ($64.4°\text{F}$) and 0°C (32°F) and more than one month has a temperature over ${\text{10}}^{\text{o}}\text{C,}$ site “I” has a mesothermal (C) climate. Also, since the average temperature of the warmest month ($14°\text{C}$) is above 22°C, with at least four months above 10°C (50°F), Location “I” is Cfb climate.

Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas. It is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth's southern shore.