Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780133917789
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jane B. Reece, Kelly A. Hogan
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 2SQ
In terms of the spatial organization of photosynthesis within the chloroplast, what is the advantage of the light reactions producing NADPH and ATP on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane?
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In terms of the spatial organization of photosynthesis within the chloroplast, what is the advantage of the light reactions producing NADPH and ATP on the stroma side of the thylakoid membrane?
What are the two places where light energy is required in the light reaction of photosynthesis? Why must energy be supplied at precisely these points?
In photosynthesis, contrast the light reactions with the light independent reactions, in terms of goals, inputs, and outputs of each. Spatially where do they take place (which parts of the chloroplast)? (Optional, for further discussion: Could there be light reactions without light-independent reactions, or visa-versa?)
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Campbell Essential Biology (6th Edition) - standalone book
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- Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis by exposing the green alga Chlorella to CO2 labeled with the radioisotope carbon 14. By looking at which compounds the C14 ended up in, they were able to identify all intermediates in this cyclic pathway. Why did they predict correctly that the same set of intermediates would be formed in the light reaction in land plants?arrow_forwardWhat is the overall purpose of the light reactions in photosynthesis?arrow_forwardWhat is the significance that the combined absorption spectra of chlorophylls a and b roughly match the action spectrum of photosynthesis? Would photosynthesis be more efficient if their individual absorption spectra coincided exactly?arrow_forward
- In photosynthesis, contrast the light reactions with the light independent reactions, in terms of goals, inputs, and outputs of each. Spatially where do they take place (which parts of the chloroplast)?arrow_forwardIn the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, what specifically happens in the electron transport chain between Photosystem II and Photosystem I? The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem II is transferred to pheophytin and plastoquinones, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to plastocyanin. Plastocyanin then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem I. The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem I is transferred to pheophytin and plastoquinones, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to plastocyanin. Plastocyanin then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem II. The excited electron accepted by the primary acceptor in Photosystem I is transferred to plastocyanin, then to cytochrome complex, and finally to pheophytin and plastoquinones. Plastoquinone then transfers the electron to the P700 in the reaction center complex of Photosystem II.…arrow_forwardThere are two photosystems ( I and II) involved in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. What is the functional difference between these two photosystems?arrow_forward
- Where is the electrochemical gradient located in the chloroplast? Why is it important? Why are the Light Independent Reactions important? Name the 3 stages of the Calvin Cycle? What is the function of ribulose bisphosphate, RUBISCO, glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate in the Calvin Cycle? How much energy is utilized? What is Carbon Fixation? What is Photorespiration? Why is it wasteful? Why are some plants called C4 plants and why are they important? How have they adapted to unfavorable climatic conditions? How do the activities of C4 plants compare with the activities of CAM plants?arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of having an extensive set of thylakoid membranes in the chloroplasts?arrow_forwardwhat is the process called that provides the energy to pump protons during the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis? which direction are protons pumped?arrow_forward
- In chloroplasts, the light reactions power the creation of ATP via chemiosmosis. In relation to this process, which of the following is true? a) ATP synthase breaks ATP down into ADP, creating energy to fuel chemiosmosis. b) Oxygen is used as a source of electrons to replace those lost in photosystem II. c) Chemiosmosis during the light reactions is also used in the reduction of NADPH and FADH2. d) As excited electrons fall back down to a lower energy state, they create a proton gradient that is used to fuel the phosphorylation of ADP.arrow_forwardThe light reactions in chloroplasts power the creation of ATP via chemiosmosis. In relation to this process, which of the following is true? 1. ATP synthase breaks ATP down into ADP, creating energy to fuel chemiosmosis.2. Oxygen is used as a source of electrons to replace those lost in photosystem II.3. Chemiosmosis during the light reactions is also used in the reduction of NADPH and FADH2.4. As excited electrons fall back down to a lower energy state, they create a proton gradient that is used to fuel the phosphorylation of ADP.arrow_forwardWhy is the spatial separation of photosynthesis within the chloroplast important?arrow_forward
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