Chapter 7, Problem 38Q

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What happens when water boils has to be found. Wheather the boiling breaks the covalent bonds within molecules or the hydrogen bonds between the molecules get disrupted has to be found.

Concept Introduction:

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.

Ionic bonds are formed by the complete transfer of one or more electrons to the other atom, thereby the bonded atoms acquire opposite charges to each other.

The ionic bond is formed due to the electrostatically attraction between the opposite charged atoms.

Intermolecular force: the attractive force that withholds two molecules is called as intermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends on molar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Decreasing order of Strength of intermolecular forces:

$\text{ionic >hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole interaction>Vander Waals dispersion force}$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

What happens when water undergoes electrolysis has to be found. Wheather this breaks the covalent bonds within molecules or the hydrogen bonds between the molecules get disrupted has to be found.

Concept introduction:

In any electrochemical reaction, an electron goes from one substance to another substance driven by the oxidation-reduction reaction. Electrochemical cells have two conducting electrodes, called the anode and cathode. The anode is defined as the electrode where oxidation occurs. The cathode is the electrode where reduction takes place. Standard electrode potential $\left(E^{°}cell\right)$ can be calculated for both oxidation and reduction reactions. A positive value of $\left(E^{°}cell\right)$ indicates that the reaction proceeds spontaneously in the forward direction whereas, a negative value of $\left(E^{°}cell\right)$ indicates that the reaction proceeds spontaneously in backward direction. The standard cell potential expression is written as follows,

$E^{°}cell=E^{°}{}_{cathode}+E^{°}{}_{anode}$

Intermolecular force: the attractive force that withholds two molecules is called as intermolecular force. The influence of intermolecular forces depends on molar mass and the functional group present in the molecule.

Decreasing order of Strength of intermolecular forces:

$\text{ionic >hydrogen bonding>dipole-dipole interaction>Vander Waals dispersion force}$.