CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 101 PKG - ANNANDALE
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781269935883
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 3TYU
Which of the following factors would tend to increase membrane fluidity? 0
- (A) a greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids
- (B) a greater proportion of saturated phospholipids
- (C) a lower temperature
- (L)) a relatively high protein content in the membrane
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Cells transporting substances across their membranes is essential. Choose TWO of the following types of cellular transport.
๏osmosis ๏active transport ๏facilitated diffusion ๏endocytosis / exocytosis
(a)For each type of transport you choose, describe the transport process. Explain how the organization of cell membrane plays a role the movement of specific molecules across membrane.
(b)Using the same transport types, identify a specific cell that utilizes that type of transit (i.e. one cell for each transport type, or two different cell examples), and detail a substance that is transferred.
(c)A typical human lymphocyte has a radius of about 10 μm, while a typical bacterium (e.g., S. pneumoniae) has a radius of about 1 μm. Assuming that both cell types are perfectly spherical, compare and contrastthe transport mechanisms for each of these cells.
(a) Describe permeability of a phospholipid bilayer for the following molecules. Use terms: non-permeable, high permeability, medium permeability.
N2, O2, Na+, glucose, sucrose (disaccharide), glycogen, H2O, KCl, K+, Mg2+, glycine and protein
(b) Discuss the role of carbonic anhydrase in CO2 transport.
(c) Discuss the cause of ‘cold denaturation’ of proteins.
What is the likely identity of these membrane associated proteins: (a) a protein that is released from a membrane treated with a high salt solution, which causes disruption of ionic linkages; (b) a protein that is not released from the membrane upon its exposure to a high salt solution alone, but is released when the membrane is incubated with an enzyme that cleaves phosphate glycerol bonds and covalent linkages are disrupted; (c) a protein that is not released from the membrane upon exposure to a high salt solution, but is released after the addition of the detergent sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Will the activity of the protein released in part (c) be preserved following its release?
Chapter 7 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY 101 PKG - ANNANDALE
Ch. 7.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Carbohydrates are attached to...Ch. 7.1 - WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition...Ch. 7.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2 to cross a lipid...Ch. 7.2 - VISUAL SKILLS Examine Figure 7.2. Why is a...Ch. 7.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 7.3 - How do you think a cell performing cellular...Ch. 7.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium swims from a hypotonic...Ch. 7.4 - Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish...Ch. 7.4 - VISUAL SKILLS Compare the sodium-potassium pump...Ch. 7.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of...
Ch. 7.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 7.5 - DRAW IT Return to Figure 7.9, and circle a patch...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7 - In what ways are membranes crucial to life?Ch. 7 - How do aquaporins affect the permeability of a...Ch. 7 - What happens to a cell placed in a hypertonic...Ch. 7 - ATP is not directly involved in the functioning of...Ch. 7 - Which type of endocytosis involves the binding of...Ch. 7 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic Cell...Ch. 7 - According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane...Ch. 7 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 7 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - DRAW IT An artificial "cell" consisting of an...Ch. 7 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 7 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 7 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: INTERACTIONS A human...Ch. 7 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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- The diffusion rate of four different membrane proteins (A, B, C, and D) was measured using a FRAP experiment with purified liposomes. The FRAP recovery curves are shown below. (a) Which membrane protein exhibits the higher rate of diffusion in the lipid bilayer? A or B? C or D? (b) Explain the most likely cause of the difference in the recovery curves for proteins A and C.arrow_forward3)What is the second type of lipid that plays a major role in the plasma membrane? This lipid does not have polar and nonpolar regions (its not amphiphilic) but plays a critical role in membrane permeability. A)phospholipids b) steroid hormones c) Cholesterol 4)Which one of the following influences the rate at which diffusion can occur? Size of the concentration gradient Mass of the molecule Distance All of the above affect diffusion None of the above affect the diffusion ratearrow_forwardThe distinctive properties of facilitated diffusion are: (a) Increase the speed of diffusion of substances (b) Transport of substances towards increasing concentration Additional energy consumption for transport (c) Transfer of substance involving carriers (d) Integration flux of substance and ion transport (e)arrow_forward
- According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure,proteins of the membrane are mostly(A) spread in a continuous layer over the inner and outersurfaces of the membrane.(B) confined to the hydrophobic interior of the membrane.(C) embedded in a lipid bilayer.(D) randomly oriented in the membrane, with no fixed insideoutside polarity.arrow_forwardAll of the following are passive membrane transport processes except: (a) diffusion. (b) facilitated diffusion. (c) vesicular transport. (d) osmosis.arrow_forwardDistinguish between simple diffusion (SD), facilitated diffusion (FD), and active transport (AT) across a membrane for the following questions. (a) Which processes are energy dependent? (b) Which processes need some kind of carrier protein(s)? (c) Which processes can be saturated by substrate? (d) Which processes can establish a concentration gradient? (e) How much energy does it take to transport an uncharged substrate in, if its starting inside concentration is 10-fold greater than outside?arrow_forward
- All the following processes occur rapidly in the membrane lipid bilayer except (A) Flexing of fatty acyl chains(B) Lateral diffusion of phospholipids (C) Transbilayer diffusion of phopholipids(D) their longaxes Rotation of phospholipids aroundarrow_forwardThe intracellular salt content of a red blood cell is about 150 mM. The cell is put in a 500 mM salt beaker. (a) Describe what will happen to the cell in terms of osmosis if the cell membrane is permeable to water but not to ions. (b) Which direction would solutes diff use if the membrane was permeable to ions: into or out of the cell?arrow_forwardWhich of the following phospholipids islocalized to a greater extent in the outerleaflet of the membrane lipid bilayer? (A) Choline phosphoglycerides. (B)Ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (C)Inositol phosphoglycerides (D) Serine phosphoglyceridesarrow_forward
- Which statements are consistent with the fluid-mosaic model of membranes? (a) All membrane proteins are bound to the interior of the membrane. (b) Both proteins and lipids undergo transverse (flip-flop) diffusion from the inside to the outside of the membrane. (c) Some proteins and lipids undergo lateral diffusion along the inner or outer surface of the membrane. (d) Carbohydrates are covalently bonded to the outside of the membrane. (e) The term mosaic refers to the arrangement of the lipids alone.arrow_forwardYou make a phospholipid bilayer with short, unsaturated hydrocarbon tails. You measure the permeability of this membrane to oxygen and water, which are normally somewhat able to cross the membrane. You then saturate the hydrocarbon tails, and re-measure membrane permeability. You then double the length of the saturated hydrocarbon tails again, and make a third measurement of membrane permeability. You graph membrane permeability (Y) as a function of hydrocarbon tail length (X). Which of the graphs below best represents the data you expect? O Graph 1 O Graph 2 O Graph 3 y O Graph 4 y X X ^ X Xarrow_forwardDescribe the properties of the three classes of membrane proteins (integral, peripheral, and lipid-anchored) along: A. differences from each other B. variation among themselvesarrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license