21st Century Astronomy
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780393428063
Author: Kay
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 7, Problem 44QP
(a)
To determine
The larger volume of the planet detected by the Kepler than Earth.
(b)
To determine
The mass of the planet detected by the Kepler than Earth
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Kepler's 1st law says that our Solar System's planets orbit in ellipses around the Sun where the closest distance to the Sun is called perihelion.
Suppose I tell you that there is a planet with a perihelion distance of 2 AU and a semi-major axis of 1.5 AU.
Does this make physical sense? Explain why or why not.
1. What is an astronomical unit (AU)? How many meters is one AU?
2. How many seconds are in one year?
3. Are the planets accelerating as they orbit the Sun? If so, what force is acting on them to cause the acceleration? Be specific.
In your own words, describe the meaning of Kepler's Third Law of Planetary Motion. Do not use any equations, do not describe the equations in words, just tell me the conceptual meaning.
Chapter 7 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 7.1CYUCh. 7.2 - Prob. 7.2CYUCh. 7.3 - Prob. 7.3CYUCh. 7.4 - Prob. 7.4CYUCh. 7.5 - Prob. 7.5CYUCh. 7 - Prob. 1QPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QPCh. 7 - Prob. 3QPCh. 7 - Prob. 4QPCh. 7 - Prob. 5QP
Ch. 7 - Prob. 6QPCh. 7 - Prob. 7QPCh. 7 - Prob. 8QPCh. 7 - Prob. 9QPCh. 7 - Prob. 10QPCh. 7 - Prob. 11QPCh. 7 - Prob. 12QPCh. 7 - Prob. 13QPCh. 7 - Prob. 14QPCh. 7 - Prob. 15QPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QPCh. 7 - Prob. 17QPCh. 7 - Prob. 18QPCh. 7 - Prob. 19QPCh. 7 - Prob. 20QPCh. 7 - Prob. 21QPCh. 7 - Prob. 22QPCh. 7 - Prob. 23QPCh. 7 - Prob. 24QPCh. 7 - Prob. 25QPCh. 7 - Prob. 26QPCh. 7 - Prob. 27QPCh. 7 - Prob. 28QPCh. 7 - Prob. 29QPCh. 7 - Prob. 30QPCh. 7 - Prob. 31QPCh. 7 - Prob. 32QPCh. 7 - Prob. 33QPCh. 7 - Prob. 34QPCh. 7 - Prob. 35QPCh. 7 - Prob. 36QPCh. 7 - Prob. 37QPCh. 7 - Prob. 38QPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QPCh. 7 - Prob. 40QPCh. 7 - Prob. 41QPCh. 7 - Prob. 42QPCh. 7 - Prob. 43QPCh. 7 - Prob. 44QPCh. 7 - Prob. 45QP
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- When Sedna was discovered in 2003, it was the most distant object known to orbit the Sun. Currently, it is moving toward the inner solar system. Its period is 10,500 years. Its perihelion distance is 75 AU. a. What is its semimajor axis in astronomical units? b. What is its aphelion distance?arrow_forward6.) Planet X has 10 times the mass of the Earth’s mass. The star that it orbits has the same mass as our Sun.The planet average distance from its star is 2.5826 (10)11 ??.a) What is the gravitational force between Planet X and its star in units of Newtons?b) What is the velocity of Planet X as it orbits its star in units of metres per second?arrow_forwardJupiter's moon Metis has a radius of only 20 km, and a mass of 9 x 1016 kg. Answer the following: a) Calculate this moon's average density. b) Based on your result above, would you say that Metis is made primarily of rock or ice? Justify your answer. (Hint: Density of ice is 920 kg/m3)arrow_forward
- 3. What is the official definition of a planet and why is Pluto not a planet?arrow_forwardAs discussed in class, the moon is receding from the Earth due to tides at a rate of ~4 cm/year. Let’s assume that rate has been constant throughout time (it wasn’t, but we can use it to illustrate some key points). Its current semi-major axis is 384,400 km.a) If the moon formed 4.5 billion years ago and has been receding from the Earth ever since, what was its original semi-major axis? What was its original orbital period?b) What would the apparent size of the Moon have been in the sky as viewed from Earth? That is, in Hmwk 2, you were told the diameter of the Moon spans about 0.5o when viewed from Earth today. What would it have been when the Moon first formed? Reletive Numbers Relevant Numbers1 AU = 150,000,000 km = 1.5x108 kmEccentricity of Earth’s Orbit: 0.0167Radius of Earth: 6371 kmMass of Earth: 5.96x1024 kgRadius of the Moon: 1737 kmMass of Moon: 7.34x1022 kgRadius of Mars: 3390 kmMass of Mars: 6.4x1023 kgRadius of the Sun: R⦿=696,300 kmMass of the Sun: M⦿=2x1030…arrow_forwardUs Kepler's 3rd Law to calculate the mass of a star which has a planet orbiting at 2.35 A.U. and takes 4.56 Earth years to complete one full orbit. a. 0.600-0.610 b. 0.623-0.625 c. 0.653-0.675 d. 0.733-0.775arrow_forward
- Kepler's third law of planetary motion describes a relationship between the__ * a, shape of orbit and the location of the Sun. b. orbital velocity and position in orbit c. distance from the Sun and length of year. d. path of epicycle and position.arrow_forwardA small hole in the wing of a space shuttle requires a 20.7-cm2 patch. (a) What is the patch’s area in square kilometers (km2)? (b) If the patching material costs NASA $3.25/in2, what is the cost of the patch?arrow_forwardSaturn's moon Titan has a radius of 2.58 × 10 6 m and a measured gravitational field of 1.35 m/s2. What is its mass?arrow_forward
- 1. What are Kepler's three laws of planetary motion and what is their significance?arrow_forwardOur Solar System consist of two distinctly different types of planets. A. Describe how these planets differ in their general characteristics. B. Explain the cause of these differencesarrow_forwardThe mass of Mars is 6.42 × 10^23 kg and when it is closest to earth it is 54 million km away. a) Convert the distance to meters using scientific notation and b) What is the gravitational force between Mars and earth at this distance ?arrow_forward
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Kepler's Three Laws Explained; Author: PhysicsHigh;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kyR6EO_RMKE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY