Concept explainers
List the types of intermolecular forces that exist between molecules (or atoms or ions) in each of the following species: (a) benzene (C6H6), (b) CH3Cl, (c) PF3, (d) NaCl, (e) CS2.
(a)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular forces presented in the given moleculesbenzene (
Concept introduction:
- Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
- Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
- Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
- Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
- Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
- Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.
Answer to Problem 7.31QP
Dispersion forces are present inbenzene (
Explanation of Solution
To determine: intermolecular forces presented inbenzene (
Dispersion forces are present inbenzene (
In the benzene (
There are C-C bonds and C-H bonds presented in benzene (
The result of all the bond polarities are the sum of all the vectors associated with each bonds.
The directions of C-H bond vectors are opposite to each other, so they cancel each other.
Hence,
The vector sum or the result of bond polarities for benzene (
Since the benzene (
(b)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular forces presented in the given moleculesbenzene (
Concept introduction:
- Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
- Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
- Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
- Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
- Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
- Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.
Answer to Problem 7.31QP
Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in
Explanation of Solution
To determine: intermolecular forces presented in
Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in
The C-H bond and C-Cl bond in the
Polar molecules exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.
Therefore,
Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in
(c)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (
Concept introduction:
- Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
- Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
- Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
- Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
- Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
- Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.
Answer to Problem 7.31QP
Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in
Explanation of Solution
To determine: intermolecular forces presented in
Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in
The P-F bond in the
Polar molecules exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.
Therefore,
Dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interaction are present in
(d)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (
Concept introduction:
- Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
- Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
- Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
- Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
- Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
- Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.
Answer to Problem 7.31QP
Ionic forces are present in
Explanation of Solution
To determine: intermolecular forces presented in
Ionic forces are present in
Therefore,
Ionic forces are present in
(e)
Interpretation:
The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (
Concept introduction:
- Polarity of a bond is due to the difference in electro-negativities of atoms presented in it. The polarities of bonds are represented by using vectors.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is non-zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as polar molecule.
- If the result of all bond polarities or vector sum is zero in a molecule, then the molecule is called as nonpolar molecule.
- Intermolecular force is the set of repulsive and attractive forces between molecules that result from the polarity between neighboring molecules. There are four types of intermolecular forces.
- Dipole – Dipole interaction: This force takes place between polar compounds.
- Hydrogen bonding is a type of dipole-dipole interaction of molecules when the hydrogen is bonded to strong electronegative atom (F, O, N, etc) in the molecules.
- Dispersion force is a weak force and this force is present in all compounds force.
- Ionicforces: ions are attracted each otherelectrostatically.
Answer to Problem 7.31QP
Dispersion forces are present in
Explanation of Solution
To determine: intermolecular forces presented in
Dispersion forces are present in
In
There are two C-S presented in
The result of all the bond polarities are the sum of all the vectors associated with each bonds.
The directions of C-S bond vectors are opposite to each other, so they cancel each other.
Hence,
The vector sum or the result of bond polarities for
Therefore,
Only dispersion forces are present in
Conclusion
The intermolecular forces presented in the given molecules benzene (
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