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(a)
Interpretation:
A formula for an ionic compound should be given using only P, Br and Mg.
Concept introduction:
Ionic bonds form due to the complete loss or gain of one or more electrons resulting in cations and anions. They are held together by electrostatic interactions. In most cases, bonds form between two atoms are not completely ionic but have some covalent character. The magnitude of covalent character and ionic character is determined by the difference between electronegativity of the two atoms. Higher the difference, higher the ionic character.
(b)
Interpretation:
The formula of the molecular compound having polar covalent bonds needs to be determined. The molecular compound obeys the octet rule and there is no formal charge on it. Concept introduction:
When an atom has a different number of electrons than the number of valence electrons, then the atom has either gained or removed electrons. So, that particular atom bears a formal charge. The formal charge can be calculated by following formula.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
CHEMISTRY-W/MASTERING CHEMISTRY ACCESS
- Draw Lewis diagrams for the following ions. In the formula the symbol of the central atom is given first. (Hint:The valence octet may be expanded for the central atom.) (a) BrO4 (b) PCl6 (c) XeF6+arrow_forwardii. Answer true or false. (a) A covalent bond is formed between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity is less than 1.9. (b) If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero (they have identical electronegativities), then the two atoms will not form a covalent bond. (c) A covalent bond formed by sharing two electrons is called a double bond. (d) In the hydrogen molecule (H2), the shared pair of electrons completes the valence shell of each hydrogen. (e) In the molecule CH4, each hydrogen has an electron configuration like that of helium, and carbon has an electron configuration like that of neon. (f) In a polar covalent bond, the more electronegative atom has a partial negative charge (8-) and the less electronegative atom has a partial positive charge (&+). (g) These bonds are arranged in order of increasing polarity C-Harrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding an ionic bond between calcium and oxygen in an CaO formula unit? (a) Calcium ions and oxide ions bond by covalent attraction. (b) Calcium atoms lose electrons and oxygen atoms gain electrons. (c) The ionic radius of a calcium ion is less than its atomic radius. (d) Breaking an ionic bond between calcium and oxygen releases energy.arrow_forwardWrite Lewis dot symbols for the following atoms and ions. (a) I (b) I− (c) S (d) S2−arrow_forwardWrite an electron configuration for each element and the corresponding Lewis structure. Indicate which electrons in the electron configuration are included in the Lewis structure.(a) N(b) C(c) Cl(d) Ararrow_forwardGive typing answer with explanation and conclusion to all parts (a) Using Lewis symbols, make a sketch of the reaction between potassium and bromine atoms to give the ionic substance KBr. (b) How many electrons are transferred? (c) Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?arrow_forward(a) State the octet rule. (b) Does the octet rule apply to ionic as well as to covalent compounds? Explain, using examples as appropriatearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding a covalent bond between nitrogen and oxygen atoms in a nitric oxide, NO, molecule? (a) Valence electrons are shared between nitrogen and oxygen atoms. (b) Bonding electrons are found only between the bonded atoms. (c) The bond length is greater than the sum of the two atomic radii. (d) Energy is required to break a covalent bond.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true regarding an ionic bond between cobalt and sulfur in a CoS formula unit? (a) Cobalt ions and sulfide ions bond by electrostatic attraction. (b) Cobalt atoms gain electrons and sulfur atoms lose electrons. (c) The ionic radius of a cobalt ion is greater than its atomic radius. (d) Breaking an ionic bond between cobalt and sulfur requires energy.arrow_forwardClassify the bond formed between each pair of atoms as covalent, polar covalent, or ionic.(a) Sr and F (b) N and Cl (c) N and Oarrow_forwardNa+ forms an “ionic bond” (i.e. an electrostatic attraction) with the OCN− ion. (a) Draw the full Lewis structure of the ionic compound. Be sure to show how you have derived this. (The ionic compound as a whole, not just OCN-) (b) Which atom in the OCN− anion is the sodium cation most likely to attract? Explain.arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) An ionic bond is formed by the combination of positive and negative ions. (b) An ionic bond between two atoms forms by the transfer of one or more valence electrons from the atom of higher electronegativity to the atom of lower electronegativity. (c) As a rough guideline, we say that an ionic bond will form if the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is approximately 1.9 or greater. (d) In forming NaCl from sodium and chlorine atoms, one electron is transferred from the valence shell of sodium to the valence shell of chlorine. (e) The formula of sodium sulfide is Na2 S. (f) The formula of calcium hydroxide is CaOH. (g) The formula of aluminum sulfide is AlS. (h) The formula of iron(III) oxide is Fe3 O2 . (i) Barium ion is Ba21, and oxide ion is O2 2 ; there- fore, the formula of barium oxide is Ba2 O2 Answer true or flase (d) Both copper(II) oxide and cupric oxide are acceptable names for CuO. (e) The systematic name for Fe2 O3 is iron(II) oxide.…arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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