Concept explainers
Answers to all problems are at the end of this book.. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book.
Naming Sugars in the (R,S) System Use the inform tit ion in the Critical Developments in Biochemistry box titled "Rules for Description (if Chiral Centers in the (R.S) System" (Chapter 4) to name D-galactose using (R.S) nomenclature. Do the same for L-altrone.
Interpretation:
The name of
Concept introduction:
A carbon atom that has four non-equivalent atoms or groups attached to it is known as chiral carbon atom. Chiral carbon centers are also called as asymmetric or stereogenic centers.
The naming of chiral center and geometric isomers are based on Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules. If the priority assigned to each group attached to the chirality center in a molecule is in a clockwise direction, then it is the R-stereoisomer, and if this is counter-clockwise, then it is the S-stereoisomer. R and S-stereoisomer are mirror images of each other.
Answer to Problem 7P
The name of
Explanation of Solution
The highest priority group in case of a monosaccharide is hydroxyl
The Fischer projection structure for
Figure 1
The substituents which extend to the side of
Thus, in the structure of
At
At
At
Thus, the name of
The Fischer projection structure for
Figure 2
The substituents which extend to the side of
Thus, in the structure of
At
At
At
Thus, the name of
The name of
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Biochemistry
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Determining the Branch Points and Reducing Ends of Amylopectin A 0.2-g sample of amylopectin was analyzed to determine the fraction of the total glucose residues, that are branch points in the structure. The sample was exhaustively methylated and then digested, yielding 50-mol of 2,3-dimethylgluetose and 0.4 mol of 1,2,3,6- letramethylglucose. What fraction of the total residues are branch points? I low many reducing ends does this sample of amylopectin have?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. To fully appreciate the elements of secondary structure in proteins, it is useful to have a practical sense of their structures. On a piece of paper, draw a simple but large zigzag pattern to represent a -strand. Then fill in the structure, drawing the locations of the moms of the chain on this zigzag pattern. Then draw a simple, large coil on a piece of paper to represent an -helix. Then fill in the structure, drawing the backbone atoms in the correction locations along the coil and indicating the locations of the R groups in your drawing.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. A Rule of Thumb for Amino Acid Content in Proteins The simple average molecular weight of the 20 common amino adds is 138, but most biochemists use 110 when estimating the number of amino acids in a protein of known molecular weight. Why do you Suppose this is? (Hint: There are two contributing factors to the answer. One of them will be apparent from a brief consideration of the amino acid compositions of common proteins. See, for example, Figure 5.16 of this text.)arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Use examples from the ActiveModel for Human GaleLtin-1 to describe the hydrophobic effect.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Draw the Titration Curve for a Weak Acid and Determine its pKa from the Titration Curve When a 0.1 M solution of a weak acid was titrated with base, the following results were obtained: Plot the results of this titration and determine the pK a of the weak acid from your graph.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Interpreting Kinetics Experiments from Graphical Patterns The following graphical patterns obtained from kinetic experiments have several possible interpretations depending on the nature of the experiment and the variables being plotted. Give at least two possibilities for each.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book.. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Calculating the Composition of Anomeric Sugar Mixtures -D-Glucose has a specific notation, []220, of + 112.20. whereas -D-glucose has a specific notation of +18.70. What is the composition of a mixture of - and -D-glucose, which has a specific notation of 83 .U0?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Solving the Sequence of an Oligopeptide From Sequence Analysis Data Analysis of the blood of a catatonic football fan revealed large concentrations of a. psychologic octapeptide. Amino acid analysis of this oclapeplide gave the following results: 2 Ala lArg 1 Asp 1 Mel 2 Tyr I Val 1NH/ The following facts were observed: Partial acid hydrolysis of the octapeptide yielded a dipeptide of the structure Chymolrypsin treatment of the octapeplide yielded two tetrapeptides, each containing an alanine residue. Trypsin treatment of one of the tetrapeptides yielded two dipeptides. Cyanogen bromide treatment of another sample of the same tetrapeplide yielded a tripeplideand free Tyr. N-lerminal analysis of the other tetrapeptide gave Asn. What is the amino acid sequence of this oclapeplide?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. The Role of Proline Residues in -Turns Pro is the amino acid least commonly found in «-helices but most commonly found in -turns. Discuss the reasons for this behavior.arrow_forward
- Answers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Understanding Stereochemical Transformations of Amino Acids Absolute configurations of the amino acids are referenced to D- and L-glyceraldehyde on the basis of chemical transformations that can convert the molecule of interest to either of these reference isomeric structures. In such reactions, the stereochemical consequences for the asymmetric centers must be understood for each reaction step. Propose a sequence of reactions that would demonstrate that L(-)-serine is stereochemically related to l(- )-glyceraldehyde.arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Proteins and nucleic acids are informational macromolecules. What are the two minimal criteria for a linear informational polymer?arrow_forwardAnswers to all problems are at the end of this book. Detailed solutions are available in the Student Solutions Manual, Study Guide, and Problems Book. Assessing the pH Dependence of Poly-L-Glutamate Structure Poly-L glutamate adopts an tr-helical structure at low pH but becomes a random coil above pH 5. Explain this behavior.arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning