BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781264839698
Author: Raven
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 7.10, Problem 1LO
Summary Introduction
To describe: One possible hypothesis for the evolution of
Introduction: The energy metabolism refers to a process of producing energy (ATP) from nutrients, including anaerobic respiration, aerobic respiration, as well as amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. The metabolism comprises a series of interconnected pathways and it can function in the absence or presence of oxygen.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.1 - Explain the role of electron carriers in energy...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.2 - Calculate the energy yield from glycolysis.Ch. 7.2 - Distinguish between aerobic respiration and...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.4 - Relate the nine reactions of the citric acid cycle...Ch. 7.4 - Diagram the oxidation reactions in the citric acid...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.6 - Calculate the number of ATP molecules produced by...Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.8 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7.8 - Distinguish between fermentation and anaerobic...Ch. 7.9 - Identify the entry points for proteins and fats in...Ch. 7.9 - Prob. 2LOCh. 7.10 - Prob. 1LOCh. 7 - Prob. 1DACh. 7 - Prob. 1UCh. 7 - Prob. 2UCh. 7 - Which of the following is NOT a product of...Ch. 7 - Glycolysis produces ATP by a. phosphorylating...Ch. 7 - What is the role of NAD+ in the process of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6UCh. 7 - The electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 can be a....Ch. 7 - Prob. 1ACh. 7 - Prob. 2ACh. 7 - Prob. 3ACh. 7 - What is the importance of fermentation to cellular...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5ACh. 7 - A chemical agent that makes holes in the inner...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7ACh. 7 - Use the following table to outline the...Ch. 7 - Human babies and hibernating or cold-adapted...Ch. 7 - Recent data indicate a link between colder...
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- The citric acid cycle functions to completely oxidize glucose in the presence of oxygen, allowing for a large amount of ATP to be produced within the cell through oxidative phosphorylation. Free oxygen did not always exist within the atmosphere of Earth, meaning that early life forms relied solely on glycolysis and fermentation to extract energy from macromolecules. What role did the increase in atmospheric oxygen play in the evolution of life on Earth? Frame your answer in terms of the energy derived from cellular respiration in the presence and absence of oxygen.arrow_forwardBesides carboxylation, the Calvin Cycle enzyme rubisco can also react with O2 (e.g. oxygenation). The wasteful oxygenation reaction of rubisco is explained by the enzyme developing at time when there was very little O2 in the atmosphere. Since it was developed, why hasn’t rubisco evolved to get rid of the oxygenation reaction? A. Mutations that decrease the affinity of rubisco for O2 probably also decrease the enzyme’s ability to bind CO2. B. Evolution takes time; and since rubisco is found only in eukaryotes, it evolved recently. C. Since it still generates one molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA), the oxygenation reaction is actually not that wasteful. D. Because in the past few million years the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has risen to be much greater than the concentration of O2.arrow_forwardMention and briefly explain three factors that affect the metabolic rate of humans.arrow_forward
- Place the five metabolic types in the probable order of their evolution: oxygenic photosynthesis, aerobic metabolisms, anaerobic chemolithoautotrophy, anaerobic chemorganoheterotrophy, anoxygenic photosynthesis. You are expected to justify your answers by identifying the origins of the energy, the carbon used and the redox couples (electron donors and acceptors). Describe the environmental conditions that probably led to the evolution of the next metabolism.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the evolution of life on Earth, from simple prokaryote-like cells to multicellular eukaryotic organisms, is true? By resulting in such diversity and complexity of life, it is an exception to the second law of thermodynamics. It has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics and resulted in a substantial increase in the total energy in the universe. It has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics and resulted in a substantial decrease in the entropy of the planet. It has occurred in accordance with the laws of thermodynamics and resulted in a substantial increase in the entropy of the planet.arrow_forwardIdentify those characteristics of living organisms that relateto metabolism.arrow_forward
- Chemiosmosis is a process that drives the creation of ATP. This process requires the use of specific enzymes which were unlikely to have existed on early Earth. A. What has this new study uncovered in relation to ATP on early Earth? B. How do scientists postulate that the phosphorus on early Earth was created? C. Explain why this study is important?arrow_forwardA condition known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease may be brought on by consuming a diet that is high in sugar. This is the hypothesis that has been put up. Explain?arrow_forwardWhy must the first metabolic pathways have been anaerobic?arrow_forward
- Use the image below to answer the questions: a) What general process does the picture illustrate? b) Briefly outline three main steps involved in this process c) indicate why an oxygen-free environment is importantarrow_forwardDuring cellular respiration, organic molecules (e.g., glucose) and oxygen are consumed, and carbon dioxide (CO2) and ATP are produced.What is happening to the energy in this system?1.Energy is being transformed from glucose into CO for immediate use in the body.2.Energy is being transformed from glucose into COy for long-term storage in the body3.Energy is being transformed from glucose into ATP for immediate use in the body.4. Energy is being transformed from glucose into ATP for long-term storage in the bodyarrow_forwardHow are the characteristics of life dependent on metabolism?arrow_forward
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Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY