Concept explainers
(i)
To create:
The frame shift mutation from the DNA sequence: TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT
Introduction:
The mutation which occurs in introns is insertion or deletion. It can cause shift in open reading frame of the gene sequence, and can change the amino acid sequence of the coded protein.
(i)
Explanation of Solution
Change in the genetic sequence of DNA, by addition and deletion of nucleotides, results in gene mutation.
Insertion mutation: This mutation occurs by insertion of one or more nucleotides in the DNA sequence. Insertion mutation is a type of frame shift mutation, as insertion of a single
Original DNA sequence:
Frame shift due to insertion mutation:
Deletion mutation: This mutation occurs due to removal of one or more nucleotides from DNA sequence. Deletion mutation is a type of frame shift mutation, as removal of a single nucleotide shifts the whole reading frame in the DNA.
Original DNA sequence:
Frame shift due to deletion mutation:
(ii)
To create:
The silent mutation from the DNA sequence: TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT
Introduction:
The mutations in the codons that do not change the particular amino acid in the given polypeptide chain are called synonymous mutations. They are also called silent mutations because they cause no change in the structure of the protein.
(ii)
Explanation of Solution
Silent mutation involves base substitution which results in same amino acids that was encoded by previous nucleotidal sequence.
Original DNA sequence:
Corresponding RNA sequence:
Amino acid sequence: Tyrosine Glutamine Methionine Histidine Serine Proline
Silent mutation:
Corresponding RNA sequence:
Amino acid sequence: Tyrosine Glutamine Methionine Histidine Serine Proline
(iii)
To create:
The nonsense mutation from the DNA sequence: TAC CAG ATA CAC TCC CCT
Introduction:
The nonsense mutations are the mutations that generate the stop codon. The generated stop codon terminates the translational process and thus, the protein structure will not be formed because no more amino acids will be added to the sequence.
(iii)
Explanation of Solution
Nonsense mutation involves substitution of a single base pair that yields a stop codon.
Original DNA sequence:
Nonsense mutation:
Corresponding RNA sequence:
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Chapter 8 Solutions
MICRO. FUND. CONNECT CODE W/VIRTUAL LAB
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- Silent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect on the phenotype andprovide a brief description of its molecular characteristics? (Explain in details)arrow_forwardSilent mutations that occur in DNA are quite common in living cells and usually involve no effects on phenotype. In not more than 2 pages (using 1.5 line space of Arial or Times New Roman fonts) provide answers for the following questions? 1) Define the silent mutation in DNA? 2) What is the codon usage bias? 3) Provide one example of a clinical implication of a “silent mutation” that proven to have an effect on the phenotype andprovide a brief description of its molecular characteristics?arrow_forwardGiven the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change occurs ( what letter changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write the mRNA strands, define the codon regions and amino acid sequences. 3.) Describe what kind of mutation has occurred (missense, nonsense, or silent), and what effect this may have on the protein. Wild Type DNA Sequence: 3' - AGGCTCGCCTGT - 5' Mutated DNA Sequence: 3' - AGTCTCGCCTGT - 5'arrow_forward
- Figure 2 illustrates a type of gene mutation. a) State the type of gene mutation shown in Figure 2. b) Name the genetic disorder that would arise from this mutation. c) What is the difference(s) between gene mutation shown in Figure 2 from a frameshift mutation?arrow_forwardWhat type of mutation is shown in the diagram? Why do you think this type of mutation is referred to by this term?arrow_forwardBased on the information in Figure, which single-nucleotide mutationevent is more likely: Arg-to-His, or Arg-to-Ser? Explain.arrow_forward
- A neutral mutation is, by definition, a mutation that does not result in the change of the encoded amino acid sequence of a gene. 1)True 2)Falsearrow_forwardName the type of mutation from the following choices: silent, missense, nonsense, frameshift. The mutation is underlined. A codon table can be reached by clicking this link. CGA to UGA O silent O frameshift O nonsense O missensearrow_forwardA gene contains the sequence CGCATACGGTAC that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arq- tyr. A mutation in this gene has a G inserted after the second C in the strand. How will this mutation affect the phenotype? A)This will affect the phenotype because although most of the protein will be identical, the first amino acid will be different. B)This will not affect the phenotype because only the second amino acid is different from the original protein. C)This will not affect the phenotype because the protein will be identical to the original protein. D)This will affect the phenotype because all of the amino acids after the first one will be different from the original protein.arrow_forward
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