Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614008
Author: Clark Spencer Larsen
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8, Problem 1ER
Summary Introduction
To identify: The two main components around which paleontology or the scientific study of the fossil record is built.
Introduction: The scientific study of plants and the animal fossil is termed as Paleontology. It helps to study evolution. Fossils provide direct evidence of the life which existed in the past. They are remains of organisms which have transformed entirely or partially into the rocks. They have undergone a long process of chemical replacement.
Summary Introduction
To explain: The contribution of these components for understanding biological evolution.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1) Does the fossil record indicate that life first appeared in the water or on the land?
WATER or LAND
2) Does the fossil record indicate that invertebrates (trilobites) and vertebrates (fish) evolved during the same geological period? YES or NO
3) Does the fossil record indicate that birds evolved from mammals or reptiles?
MAMMALS or REPTILES
4) The fossil record indicates that hominids evolved from an ancestral hominoid approximately?
4-5 million years ago or 1-2 million years ago
What kinds of organisms appear earliest in the fossil record?
PROKARYOTES or EUKARYOTES
https://youtu.be/SkeNMoDlHUU?si=AwIDdGlbpS69KBVe
(Summarize it in a bullet form and send the answer here based on the given questions)
Here are the following questions:
1. Discuss the major events in the history of life on earth, starting from the origin of life up to the present day, highlighting key evolutionary developments and transitions.
2. What is the role of mass extinctions in shaping the history of life on Earth? How do these events influenced biodiversity and evolutionary trajectories?
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Activity 3. Deepening The Concepts
Directions: Answer the following questions.
1. How does (a) relative dating and (b) absolute/radioactive datine
determine the age of fossils?
2. How does embryology provide evidence for evolution?
3. How do homologous and vestigial structures provide evidence for
evolution?
4. What could be possible for some species belonging to the same family
to be presently living in various locations on Earth? You can furthel
support your answer with an example.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology (Fourth Edition)
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- Evolution in Humans 1) explain how fossil evidence is used to reconstruct the hominid history 2) explain how genetic evidence is used to document changes in species and populations over time 3) describe several techniques that paleontologists today use to establish fossil agearrow_forwardThe great apes made their first appearance in the fossil record between 23 and 2.6 MYA, which: represents the starting and ending dates for the Paleogene Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Cretaceous Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Jurassic Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Neogene Period represents the starting and ending dates for the Triassic Periodarrow_forwardWhat do similarities in the early development stages of the embryos indicate about the evolutionary history of these organisms? 9999 II II II II II II II II III III III III III III III Pig Calf Rabbit Man Fish Sala- Tortoise Chick mander Embryological Evidences The organisms evolved from the same embryo. The organisms are all in the phylum called mollusks. The organisms all located in the the fossil record 1 million years ago. The organisms all evolved from a common ancestor.arrow_forward
- Shows how modern organisms descended from common ancestors Structures that do not serve a function and are similar to those found in earlier organisms 1. Transitional Species Compares the age of fossils to each other based on the layers of rock they are found in 2. Vestigial structure 3. Fossil Record 4. Relative Dating Evidence of gradual change between a new species and its ancestor 5. Radiometric Dating Structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor 6. Homologous Structures uses radioactive elements to narrow down the age of a fossil to a specific periodarrow_forwardUsing tables 2.1 and 2.2 as references, fill out the following table. The first item is given as an example. Table 2.6: Some Important Events in Geologic Time Event Eon Era Period Epoch Age of Reptiles begins Phanerozoic Mesozoic Triassic ____ Beginning of the Age of Mammals Early humans first appear Eukaryotes first appear First living things appear Fish with bony skeletons first appear Formation of Pangaea Formation of present-day continents Land plants first appear Modern humans first appeararrow_forwardSpecies Embryo (A-F) Describe the Anatomical Changes from Early to Late Stages Human Chicken Rabbit Tortoise Salamander В Fish A Guide Questions: 1. Look again at the six embryos in their earliest stages. Describe the patterns you see. What physical similarities exist between each of the embryos? 2. Does this suggest an evolutionary relationship? Explain how these embryos can be used as evidence of a common ancestor between each of these six organisms.arrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE 1. The fossil record provides a sweeping overview of the history of life over geologic record 2. A change in the regulation of a developmental gene may have fewer harmful side effects than a change to the sequence of the gene. 3. Synapsids possess an opening known as the occipital fenestra behind the eye socket 4. In some very late cynodont the articular and quadrate bones migrated into the ear region, where they functioned in transmitting sound 5. Fossils contain isotopes of molecules that accumulated in the organisms when they were alive.arrow_forward)Approximately how far back in time does the fossil record extend? 3.5 million years 5.0 million years 3.5 billion years 5.0 billion years -) How could the duplication of the Hox gene complex help facilitate animal adaptive radiation? The new gene copies helped facilitate the evolution of more complex body plans. The new gene copies helped facilitate the evolution of smaller bodies. The new gene copies led to lower metabolic rates. It is unlikely that gene duplication events in the Hox complex played a role in the adaptive radiation animals. ) Whatever its ultimate cause(s), the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of mass extinction evolutionary stasis adaptive radiation a large meteor impactarrow_forwardGenomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown human species. Using Figure 19.11, speculate on which species this might be. Is it possible that there are other ancestral species that may remain to be discovered that would change the phylogeny presented in the figure? FIGURE 19.11 Estimates for the dates of origin and extinction for the three main groups of hominins (green, blue, and orange). The australopithecines split into two groups about 2.7 million years ago. One of those groups, the genus Homo, contains the ancestors to our species, H. sapiens.arrow_forward
- Which of the following pieces of evidence would best support the argument that humans are more evolutionarily related to fish than they are to insects? All these organisms require oxygen to survive. The earliest fish fossils are found in the lowest strata of sedimentary rocks, followed by insects, and then humans. The early stages of embryo development in fish and humans look strikingly similar while insects develop very differently compared to both fish and humans. Fossils of ancient fish and human ancestors have been discovered in the same sedimentary rock layers.arrow_forwardThe Cambrian explosion is a conundrum: how can the long prior history of the phyla, revealed by molecular divergence, be reconciled with their absence, and then sudden appearance, in the fossil record?arrow_forwardThe “age of fishes”, which began with the Cambrian Period (about 541 million years ago), and ended with the Permian/Triassic extinction event (about 252 million years ago), is also known as: the Mesozoic Era the “age of birds and mammals” the Cenozoic Era the “age of reptiles” the Paleozoic Eraarrow_forward
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