Concept explainers
INTRODUCTORY PROBLEMS
1. Construct a chart listing all muscles crossing the hip joint according to whether they are anterior, posterior, medial, or lateral to the joint center. Note that some muscles may fall into more than one category. Identify the action or actions performed by the muscles listed in the four categories.
To construct: Chart listing all muscles crossing the hip joint according to whether they are anterior, posterior, medial or lateral to the joint center and identify the actions performed by the muscles listed in the four categories.
Concept introduction: Muscles are soft tissues. Muscles are classified as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscles contract and relax with the bones and they help in locomotion, gait and respiration. The articulating connection also known as the joint is the connection between two bones that help both the bones to perform the same function in synchronized fashion.
Explanation of Solution
The muscles of the hip joint help in the movement of the hip. Hip movement is required for locomotion, specialized sports and gait. They are divided into four groups namely: gluteal group, lateral rotator group, adductor group and iliopsoas group.
The following chart shows the muscles of the hip joint, their location and function:
Muscle Group | Hip joint muscles | Location | Function |
Gluteal group | Gluteal maximus | Posterior | Involved in hip extension and lateral rotation |
Gluteal medius | Posterior | Involved in abduction and medial rotation of the hip. | |
Gluteal minimus | Posterior | Involved in abduction and medial rotation of the hip. | |
Tensor fasciae latea | Anterior | Involved in flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the hip | |
Adductor group | Adductor brevis |
Anterior Lateral Medial | Involved in adduction and lateral rotation |
Adductor longus |
Anterior Lateral Medial | Involved in adduction and flexion of the hip | |
Adductor magnus |
Anterior Medial | Involved in adduction and lateral rotation | |
Pectineus |
Anterior Medial | Involved in adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the hip | |
Gracilis | Anterior | Involved in adduction | |
Iliopsoas group | Iliacus | Anterior | Involved in flexion of hip joint |
Psoas major | Anterior | Involved in flexion of hip joint | |
Lateral rotator group | Externus obturators |
Posterior Medial | Involved in hip outward rotation |
Internus obturators | Posterior | Involved in hip outward rotation | |
Piriformis |
Anterior Posterior | Involved in hip outward rotation | |
Superior gemelli | Posterior | Involved in hip outward rotation | |
Inferior gemelli | Posterior | Involved in hip outward rotation | |
Quadratus femoris | Posterior | Involved in hip outward rotation | |
Other muscles Note: They are majorly involved in knee flexion than hip flexion. | Rectus femoris | Anterior | Involved in hip flexion |
Sartorius |
Anterior Medial | Involved in hip flexion |
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Chapter 8 Solutions
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