Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134606125
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 8, Problem 21TYK
A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A donkey sperm contains 31 chromosomes and a horse egg cell contains 32 chromosomes, so the zygote contains a total of 63 chromosomes. The zygote develops normally. The combined set of chromosomes is not a problem in mitosis, and the mule combines some of the best characteristics of horses and donkeys. However, a mule is sterile; meiosis cannot occur normally in its testes (or ovaries). Explain why mitosis is normal in cells containing both horse and donkey chromosomes but the mixed set of chromosomes interferes with meiosis.
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In human spermatogenesis, mitosis of a stem cell gives rise to one cell that remains a stem cell and one cell that becomes a spermatogonium. Draw four rounds of mitosis for a stem cell and label; the daughter cells. For one spermatogonium, draw the cells it would produce from one round of mitosis followed by meiosis. Label the cells, and label mitosis and meiosis. What would happen if stem cells divided like spermatogonia?
Which of the statements is FALSE?
Somatic cells are diploid in diploid organisms.
Gametes are produced from meiosis by germline cells.
Somatic cells are capable of both mitosis and meiosis.
Somatic cells and gametes from the same organism have different chromosomal complements.
In human spermatogenesis, mitosis of a stem cell gives rise to one cell that remains a stem cell and one cell that becomes a spermatogonium. (a) Draw four rounds of mitosis for a stem cell, and label the daughter cells. (b) For one spermatogonium, draw the cells it would produce from one round of mitosis followed by meiosis. Label the cells, and label mitosis and meiosis. (c) Explain what would happen if stem cells divided like spermatogonia.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Mastering Biology with Pearson eText -- Standalone Access Card -- for Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
Ch. 8 - Complete the following table to compare mitosis...Ch. 8 - If an intestinal cell in a grasshopper contains 24...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is not a function of...Ch. 8 - It is difficult to observe individual chromosomes...Ch. 8 - A fruit fly somatic cell contains 8 chromosomes....Ch. 8 - If a fragment of a chromosome breaks off and then...Ch. 8 - Which of the following phases of mitosis is...Ch. 8 - A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells...Ch. 8 - A micrograph of a dividing cell from a mouse...Ch. 8 - Cytochalasin B is a chemical that disrupts...
Ch. 8 - Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21,...Ch. 8 - In the light micrograph below of dividing cells...Ch. 8 - An organism called a plasmodial slime mold is one...Ch. 8 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 8 - Discuss the factors that control the division of...Ch. 8 - Compare cytokinesis in plant and animal cells. In...Ch. 8 - Sketch a cell with three pairs of chromosomes...Ch. 8 - Suppose you read in the newspaper that a genetic...Ch. 8 - Bacteria are able to divide on a faster schedule...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 8 - A mule is the offspring of a horse and a donkey. A...Ch. 8 - What you think of as a banana is a Cavendish, one...Ch. 8 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING The study described in Module...
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- Because of the ________ alignment of homologous chromosomes during meiosis, gametes can end up with _________ mixes of maternal and paternal chromosomes. a. unvarying; different b. unvarying; duplicate c. random; duplicate d. random; differentarrow_forwardAdams maternal and paternal chromosomes have alternate forms of a gene that influences whether a person is right-handed or left-handed. One form says right and its partner says left. Visualize one of Adams spermatogonia, in which chromosomes are being duplicated prior to meiosis. Visualize what happens to the chromosomes during anaphase I and II. (It might help to use toothpicks as models of the sister chromatids of each chromosome.) What fraction of Adam's sperm will carry the gene for right-handedness? For left-handedness?arrow_forwardAt the end of one complete round of meiosis and differentiation, males will have ____ functional gametes and females will have _____ functional gametes. 4; 1 1; 1 ~7,000,000; 1 4; 4 1; 4arrow_forward
- Which of the following correctly describes a homologous pair of chromosomes in prophase of meiosis I? a- Two replicated chromosomes, each of which is one double-stranded DNA molecule b- Four replicated chromosomes, each of which is one double-stranded DNA molecule c- Two replicated chromosomes, each of which is two double-stranded DNA molecules d- Four replicated chromosomes, each of which is two double-stranded DNA moleculesarrow_forwardTrisomy 21, or Down syndrome, occurs when there is a normal diploid chromosomal complement but one (extra) chromosome 21. Given the fact that embryos with 48 chromosomes (four #21 chromosomes) are not likely to survive early development, what percentage of surviving offspring would be expected to have Down syndrome if both parents have Down syndrome? all 2/3 1/2 1/3 nonearrow_forwardA diploid male organism has two homologous chromosomes. A and B are from its maternal parent, while A’ and B’ are from its paternal parent. Draw the chromosomes at the following stages: a, anaphase of mitosis b. anaphase of the first meiotic division c, anaphase of the second meiotic division If the same chromosomes were involved in meiosis in a female, would the kind of egg nuclei produced be different from the sperm nuclei? Why?arrow_forward
- Humans are diploid and have 46 chromosomes in each somatic cell. Each child inherits ____ autosome(s) and _____ sex chromosome(s) from his or her father. Fill in blanks.arrow_forwardDraw and labe a clear picture of the first polar body and ootid cells for an organism that has a diploid chromosome number of six. First polar body. ootid/ovum Draw and label the chromosomes or chromatid doublets.arrow_forwardMeiosis is the process used by sexually reproducing organisms and is made up of eight sub-steps or phases. During meiosis, chromosomes can be changed through crossing over and nondisjunction leading to changes in the inherited traits of offspring. Show the importance on inheritance of how steps in meiosis change chromosomes through one of these processes.arrow_forward
- Draw a diagram of Metaphase I and II of meiosis in the father, which illustrates the only possible way in which the father’s chromosomes could have aligned during Metaphase I, and in the subsequent Metaphase II in the same cell, in order to have resulted in the conception of the specific son who has all three of these genetic conditions (achondroplasia, color blindness and deafness).arrow_forwardIn animal meiosis, *blank* healthy cells out of 4 are formed in a male and *blank* healthy cells out of 4 are formed in female.arrow_forwardDraw a Punnett square. cross an XX woman with an XY man. How many kinds of eggs can a woman produce in terms of their sex chromosomes? How many kinds of sperm cells can men produce in terms of their sex chromosomes? In any given fertilization event, what is the chance that a child will be XX? XY? In any given fertilization event, what is the chance that a child will be male? Female?arrow_forward
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