Concept explainers
The treasurer for Pittsburgh Iron Works wishes to use financial futures to hedge her interest rate exposure. She will sell five Treasury futures contracts at
a. What will be the profit or loss on the futures contract if interest rates increase to 14.5 percent by December when the contract is closed out?
b. Explain why a profit or loss took place on the futures contracts.
c. After considering the hedging in part a, what is the net cost to the firm of the increased interest expense of
d. Indicate whether there would be a profit or loss on the futures contracts if interest rates dropped.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 8 Solutions
Loose Leaf for Foundations of Financial Management Format: Loose-leaf
- A business plans to borrow approximately $40 million in short-term funding through the issue of commercial paper in three months’ time. The business does not have a view on what is likely to happen to interest rates over the next three months, but it would be very satisfied if it could obtain its funding at the current yield. Using the following data, show how 90-day bank-accepted bills futures contracts can be used to hedge the interest rate risk to which the business is exposed. Show the calculation and timing of all transactions and cash flows (ignore transaction costs and marginrequirements). Today’s data: current commercial paper yields 6.00 per cent perannum 90-day bank-accepted bills futures contract 93.75. Data in threemonths: commercial paper yields 7.00 per cent perannum 90-day bank-accepted bills futures contract93.25.arrow_forwardThe spot price of gold today is $1, 507 per troy ounce, and the futures price for a contract maturing in seven months is $1, 548 per troy ounce. If Golddy Plc puts on a futures hedge today and lifts the hedge after five months. a) Calculate the cost of carry for gold. b) If the spot price of gold in five months' time turns out to be $1,520. What will be the futures price five months from now? c) How much is the basis in five months' time?arrow_forwardA lender will be having £10 million to lend from December to March next year. Right now, the December Eurodollar futures contract has price 94. If the lender uses 10 December Eurodollar futures to hedge his future lending, does he long or short futures? If the 3-month LIBOR in December turns out to be 1.2% (3-month effective), how much money does the lender get in March from his hedged lending of £10 million?arrow_forward
- A trader sells two July futures contracts on frozen orange juice. Each contract is for the delivery of 20,000 pounds. The current futures price is 150 cents per pound, the initial margin is $5,000 per contract, and the maintenance margin is $3,000 per contract. What price change would lead to a margin call? Under what circumstances could $8,000 be withdrawn from the margin account?arrow_forwardIn order to reduce risk when financing his new business, Linda intends to use a 3-month index futures contract. Assume that the index's current value is 2,040, the constantly compounded risk-free interest rate is 7.5% annually, and the dividend yield of that stock is 1% annually. Later, Linda believes that futures contracts on currencies can offer a greater return than futures contracts on indices. Consider storing a 3-year futures contract at a cost of MYR 6 per unit. Assume that the risk-free rate is 6% per year for all maturities and that the current price is MYR 760 per unit. Estimate the predicted price in the future. What will Linda do if she is an arbitrageur, and the real future price is higher than the predicted future price?arrow_forwardYou are a corporate treasurer who will purchase $1 million of bonds for the sinking fund in 3 months. You believe rates will soon fall, and you would like to repurchase the company’s sinking fund bonds (which currently are selling below par) in advance of requirements. Unfortunately, you must obtain approval from the board of directors for such a purchase, and this can take up to 2 months. What action can you take in the futures market to hedge any adverse movements in bond yields and prices until you can actually buy the bonds? Will you be long or short? Why? A qualitative answer is fine.arrow_forward
- Today is January 3. Your friend David has just bought a futures contract on a stock index, and the contract specifies one year to expiration. The current share price is $80, and the annually compounded interest rate is 10%. The stock will pay quarterly dividends of $2 during the next year, with dividends payments on the following dates: January 25 April 25 July 25 October 25 Assume that this is a non-leap year. What is the futures price on this contract on January 3? What is the cost-of-carry on this futures contract on January 3? What is the value of this futures contract on February 17 if the spot price turns out to be $90 on that day? Suppose that, instead of paying a quarterly dividend of $2, the stock index has an annual dividend yield of 10%. The continuously compounded interest rate is 10.52%. What is the price of the index futures on January 3? What is its value on February 17 when the index turns out to be $90?arrow_forwardIt is now March and the current cost of debt for Basis A is 12%. Basis A plans to issue $ 5mn in 20-year bonds (with semi-annual coupons) in September, but fears that rates will rise even higher before then. The following data is available: Futures Prices: Treasury Bonds - $ 100,000; Pts. 32nds of 100% a. What is the implied interest rate for the September contract? b. build a hedge for Basis A.arrow_forwardIt is now June. A company knows that it will sell 5,000 barrels of crude oil in September. It uses the October CME Group futures contract to hedge the price it will receive. Each contract is on 1,000 barrels of “light sweet crude.” What position should it take? What price risks is it still exposed to after taking the position?arrow_forward
- Assume that the price of December 2021 corn futures is $4.65/bushel in February and $4.50 in October. If spot cash price in October is $4.55, what is the farmer's total revenue? Assume he entered into 20 contracts. Each corn contract is 5000 bushels.arrow_forwardABC Corporation wishes to raise money by selling a 90-day promissory note in the short-term money markets. The note promises to pay the holder $17,000,000 at maturity. If yields on similar risk notes are currently 2.8% p.a., how much money will ABC Corporation receive for the note?arrow_forwardIt is January, and Tennessee Sunshine is considering issuing $5 million in bonds in June to raisecapital for an expansion. Currently, the firm canissue 20-year bonds with a 7% coupon (withinterest paid semiannually), but interest rates areon the rise and Stooksbury is concerned that longterm interest rates might rise by as much as 1%before June. You looked online and found thatJune T-bond futures are trading at 111’250. Whatare the risks of not hedging, and how might TShedge this exposure? In your analysis, considerwhat would happen if interest rates all increasedby 1%.arrow_forward
- EBK CONTEMPORARY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFinanceISBN:9781337514835Author:MOYERPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT