Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 8, Problem 28RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The reasons due to which sodium channels get closed when the neurons are maximally depolarized.
Introduction: Sodium channels are voltage-gated channels that open against a specific electrical response. Neurons can be hyperpolarized or depolarize on the movement of different ions inside and outside of the cell.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - Organize the following terms describing functional...Ch. 8.2 - Where do neurohormone-secreting neurons terminate?Ch. 8.2 - What is the difference between a nerve and a...Ch. 8.2 - Draw a chain of three neurons that synapse on one...Ch. 8.2 - What is the primary function of each of the...Ch. 8.2 - Name the two glial cell types that form myelin....Ch. 8.3 - Given the values in Table 8.2, use the Nernst...Ch. 8.3 - Would a cell with a resting membrane potential of...Ch. 8.3 - Would the cell membrane depolarize or...Ch. 8.3 - Match each ions movement with the type of graded...
Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 11CCCh. 8.3 - What is the difference between conductance and...Ch. 8.3 - If you put ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na+-K+...Ch. 8.3 - The pyrethrin insecticides, derived from...Ch. 8.3 - When Na+ channel gates are resetting, is the...Ch. 8.3 - A stimulating electrode placed halfway down an...Ch. 8.3 - Place the following neurons in order of their...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 18CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 21CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 8.4 - Classify the H+-neurotransmitter exchange as...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 8.4 - Prob. 25CCCh. 8.4 - Is Na+-dependent neurotransmitter reuptake...Ch. 8.5 - In Figure 8.24e, assume the postsynaptic neuron...Ch. 8.5 - In the graphs of Figure 8.24a, b, why doesnt the...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 8.5 - Prob. 30CCCh. 8 - List the three functional classes of neurons, and...Ch. 8 - Somatic motor neurons control __________, and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Axonal transport refers to the (a) release of...Ch. 8 - Match the numbers of the appropriate...Ch. 8 - Arrange the following events in the proper...Ch. 8 - List the four major types of ion channels found in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 11RQCh. 8 - An action potential is (circle all correct...Ch. 8 - Choose from the following ions to fill in the...Ch. 8 - What is the myelin sheath?Ch. 8 - List two factors that enhance conduction speed.Ch. 8 - Prob. 16RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a graph of an action potential....Ch. 8 - Prob. 18RQCh. 8 - Prob. 19RQCh. 8 - Create a map showing the organization of the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21RQCh. 8 - Prob. 22RQCh. 8 - Prob. 23RQCh. 8 - Prob. 24RQCh. 8 - The presence of myelin allows an axon to (choose...Ch. 8 - Define, compare, and contrast the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 27RQCh. 8 - Prob. 28RQCh. 8 - Prob. 29RQCh. 8 - Prob. 30RQCh. 8 - An unmyelinated axon has a much greater...Ch. 8 - The GHK equation is sometimes abbreviated to...Ch. 8 - In each of the following scenarios, will an action...
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)arrow_forwardAssume presynaptic excitatory neuron A terminates on a postsynaptic cell near the axon hillock and presynaptic excitatory neuron B terminates on the same postsynaptic cell on a dendrite located on the side of the cell body opposite the axon hillock. Explain why rapid firing of presynaptic neuron A could bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold through temporal summation, thus initiating an action potential, whereas firing of presynaptic neuron B at the same frequency and the same magnitude of EPSPs may not bring the postsynaptic neuron to threshold.arrow_forwardA neuron responds to adequate stimulation with _______, a type of self-propagating signal.arrow_forward
- Figure 35.11 Potassium channel blockers, such as amiodarone and procainamide, which are used to treat abnormal electrical activity in the heart, called cardiac dysrhythmia, impede the movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels. Which part of the action potential would you expect potassium channels to affect?arrow_forwardNeurons, particularly those in the brain, receive multiple excitatory and inhibitory signals. What is the name of the extension of the neuron at which such signals are received? How does the neuron integrate these signals to determine whether or not to generate an action potential?arrow_forwardYou observe that a neuron treated with a metabolic inhibitor which prevents ATP generation still can generate action potentials even when the cell has little ATP, but the neuron eventually loses the ability to generate action potentials. What does this tell you about the direct mechanism for regenerating the resting potential after an action potential?arrow_forward
- The axon hillock of a neuron reaches the threshold of excitation and the membrane potential becomes completely reversed. Then, suddenly, the membrane potential begins to return to resting membrane potential. What is the event that triggers this return to resting potential? A. Na+ channels close in a voltage-dependent manner B. Na+ channels close in a time-dependent manner C. Na+ channels close in a chemically-dependent manner D. Na+ channels open in a voltage-dependent mannerarrow_forwardWe know the action potential threshold regulates whether a neuron fires an action potential or not. What sets this threshold? Is the action potential threshold the same for all neurons? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIf a postsynaptic cell has synapses from five different cells, and three cause EPSPs and two of them cause IPSPs, give an example of a series of depolarizations and hyperpolarizations that would result in the neuron reaching threshold.arrow_forward
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