Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305112100
Author: Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 2CT
Summary Introduction
To determine: The type of homeostatic control mechanism that controls the release of erythropoietin to make red blood cells.
Introduction: Hematologic system comprises blood, blood vessels, and blood-forming organs. Blood is a fluid connective tissue that carries oxygen, glucose, and nutrients throughout the body. It mainly consists of four types of components, namely red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), plasma, and platelets.
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The diagram in Figure 5 shows the difference between negative feedback and positive feedback.
(i)Explain why negative feedback is important in homeostasis. (ii)Explain how negative feedback enables the carotid and aortic bodies and the medulla to maintain a constant blood carbon dioxide level. (iii)It is said that the initiation of an Action Potential is an example of positive feedback. With reference to the process involved, state why you think this statement is accurate?
Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
Regulation of Calcium levels in the blood
Regulation of water balance
Regulation of blood sugar
Regulation of blood clotting
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
A. High blood sugar will increase the viscosity of blood plasma (plasma is concentrated). In response, water is drawn into the plasma from surrounding tissues in order to dilute the plasma
B. Breathing rate increases during exercise to provide more oxygen to muscle cells. Heart rate also increase to increase the speed at which the oxygen is delivered.
C. During digestion cells in the stomach produce HCl to begin breaking down proteins, the HCl then stimulates the release of pepsin, to continue breaking down proteins.
D. In the immune system, antibodies produced by B-cells bind to antigens, which activates other B-cells to produce antibodies of the same kind.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - What are the cellular components of blood? Where...Ch. 8 - Prob. 3RQCh. 8 - What is an agglutination response? How can it be...Ch. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 1SQCh. 8 - Prob. 2SQCh. 8 - Prob. 3SQCh. 8 - In the lungs, the main factor in boosting the...Ch. 8 - Which of the following statements about red blood...
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- Figure 33.21 State whether each of the following processes are regulated by a positive feedback loop or a negative feedback loop. A person feels satiated after eating a large meal. The blood has plenty of red blood cells. As a result, erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates the production of new red blood cells, is no longer released from the kidney.arrow_forwardRead the following scenario and determine the parts of the homeostasis feedback loop. When a human increases physical activity, the amount of fuel burned in its cells also increases, which in turn increases the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the blood. The CO2 reacts with water in the blood to make a weak acid, which lowers the pH of the blood. Sensory cells in the aortic arch register this drop in pH and send sensory information to the medulla oblongata of the brain. The medulla oblongata sends signals to the diaphragm to increase respiration. This will clear the CO2 from the bloodstream. A. Name the stimulus in this scenario. B. Explain what a receptor is in the homeostasis feedback loop and name the receptor in this scenario. C. Explain what an integrating center is in the homeostasis feedback loop and name integrating center in this scenario. D. Explain what an effector is in the homeostasis feedback loop and name the effector in this scenario. E. Name the response in this…arrow_forwardIf daytime body temperature of some ectotherms were measured, the values would be fairly constant. Provide an explanation for such observations, giving some possible mechanisms that might be involvedarrow_forward
- Which of the following examples DOES NOT involve negative feedback regulation? Regulation of blood clotting Regulation of calcium concentration Regulation of electrolyte concentration Regulation of blood glucose concentrationarrow_forwardWhat is the process of how homeostasis involving ADH works when there is an increased osmotic pressure (decreased water concentration in the blood).arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop? a) shivering in response to a cold b)platelets responding to a cut c) childbirth d) lactationarrow_forward
- Suppose you have been doing heavy yardwork on a hot day and sweating profusely.You become very thirsty, so you drink a tallglass of lemonade. Explain how your thirstrelates to the concept of homeostasis. Whichtype of feedback—positive or negative—does this illustrate?arrow_forwardWhen people think of the respiration system, they often think of breathing in and out to get air into the lungs. Is there more to the process? Please describe what else, if anything, must happen to maintain homeostasis.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about red blood cells is false? a. They live about 120 days before being replaced. b. They lack a nucleus and other organelles when they are mature. c. They are replaced when the hormone EPO stimulates stem cells in bone marrow. d. They are replaced as part of a negative feedback loop in which kidney cells monitor blood oxygen levels e. All the above statements are true except b, because all cells require a nucleus in order to function properly.arrow_forward
- Why do positive feedback systems that are part of a normal physiological response include some mechanism that terminates the system?arrow_forwardWhat might happen in this feedback loop if bone marrow is diseased and is unable to make enough red blood cells?arrow_forwardInstant noodle and kimchi are the main sources of food that caused hypertension in Japan. The high salt-intake diet promotes the secretion of hormone by heart and adrenal cortex. How the body overcome this situation to maintain a normal blood pressure?arrow_forward
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