Physical Universe
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780077510534
Author: KRAUSKOPF
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Question
Chapter 8, Problem 44E
(a)
To determine
The energy released in fission.
(b)
To determine
The amount of TNT in tons which gives destructive power equivalent to
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The energy released by each fission within the core of a nuclear reactor is 2.00 x 102 MeV. The number of fissions occurring each
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During fission in nuclear power plants, uranium-235 can be used as radioactive material to produce energy. One shoots a neutron at the uranium nucleus, which then splits into two daughter nuclei plus three neutrons according to the reaction Suppose that a certain nuclear power plant splits 4.3% of all uranium nuclei in its reactors according to the formula and that it emits a total output of 3.8 GW. How long does it take for the nuclear power plant to consume 1 kg of uranium?
The energy released by each fission within the core of a nuclear reactor is 2.00 × 102 MeV. The number of fissions occurring each second is 4.10 × 1019. Determine the power (in watts) that the reactor generates.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Physical Universe
Ch. 8 - Prob. 1MCCh. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 6MCCh. 8 - Prob. 7MCCh. 8 - Prob. 8MCCh. 8 - Prob. 9MCCh. 8 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 8 - Prob. 11MCCh. 8 - Prob. 12MCCh. 8 - Prob. 13MCCh. 8 - Prob. 14MCCh. 8 - Prob. 15MCCh. 8 - Prob. 16MCCh. 8 - Prob. 17MCCh. 8 - Prob. 18MCCh. 8 - Prob. 19MCCh. 8 - Prob. 20MCCh. 8 - Prob. 21MCCh. 8 - Prob. 22MCCh. 8 - Prob. 23MCCh. 8 - Prob. 24MCCh. 8 - Prob. 25MCCh. 8 - Prob. 26MCCh. 8 - Prob. 27MCCh. 8 - Prob. 28MCCh. 8 - Prob. 29MCCh. 8 - Prob. 30MCCh. 8 - Prob. 31MCCh. 8 - Prob. 32MCCh. 8 - Prob. 33MCCh. 8 - Prob. 34MCCh. 8 - Prob. 35MCCh. 8 - Prob. 36MCCh. 8 - Prob. 37MCCh. 8 - Prob. 38MCCh. 8 - Prob. 39MCCh. 8 - Prob. 40MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1ECh. 8 - Prob. 2ECh. 8 - Prob. 3ECh. 8 - Prob. 4ECh. 8 - Prob. 5ECh. 8 - Prob. 6ECh. 8 - Prob. 7ECh. 8 - Prob. 8ECh. 8 - Prob. 9ECh. 8 - Prob. 10ECh. 8 - Prob. 11ECh. 8 - Prob. 12ECh. 8 - Prob. 13ECh. 8 - Prob. 14ECh. 8 - The polonium isotope 84210Po undergoes alpha decay...Ch. 8 - Prob. 16ECh. 8 - Prob. 17ECh. 8 - Prob. 18ECh. 8 - Prob. 19ECh. 8 - Prob. 20ECh. 8 - Prob. 21ECh. 8 - If the half-life of a radionuclide is 1 month, is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 23ECh. 8 - One-eighth of a sample of T90227h remains...Ch. 8 - Prob. 25ECh. 8 - Prob. 26ECh. 8 - Prob. 27ECh. 8 - Prob. 28ECh. 8 - Prob. 29ECh. 8 - Prob. 30ECh. 8 - Prob. 31ECh. 8 - Prob. 32ECh. 8 - Prob. 33ECh. 8 - Prob. 34ECh. 8 - Prob. 35ECh. 8 - Prob. 36ECh. 8 - Prob. 37ECh. 8 - Prob. 38ECh. 8 - Prob. 39ECh. 8 - Prob. 40ECh. 8 - Prob. 41ECh. 8 - Prob. 42ECh. 8 - Prob. 43ECh. 8 - Prob. 44ECh. 8 - Prob. 45ECh. 8 - Prob. 46ECh. 8 - Prob. 47ECh. 8 - Prob. 48ECh. 8 - Prob. 49ECh. 8 - Prob. 50ECh. 8 - Prob. 51ECh. 8 - Prob. 52ECh. 8 - Prob. 53ECh. 8 - Prob. 54ECh. 8 - Prob. 55ECh. 8 - Prob. 56ECh. 8 - Prob. 57ECh. 8 - Prob. 58E
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- (a) Calculate the energy released in the a decay of 238U. (b) What fraction of the mass at a single 238U is destroyed in the decay? The mass of 234Th is 234.043593 u. (c) Although the fractional mass loss is laws for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Why is this?arrow_forwardWhich of the following quantities represents the reaction energy of a nuclear reaction? (a) (final mass initial mass)/c2 (b) (initial mass final mass)/c2 (c) (final mass initial mass)c2 (d) (initial mass final mass)c2 (e) none of those quantitiesarrow_forward10. A nuclear reactor is 35% efficient and has a power output of 350 MW. If we consider all the fission reactions to give out the same energy, 2.78 x 1011 J how many moles of uranium-235 is needed each second by the power station? AA 5.975 x 105 B 5.935 x 105 C 5.835 x 105 D 5.739 x 105arrow_forward
- The equation of a fission process is given in which 235 U is struck by a neutron and undergoes fission to produce 144 Ba, 89 Kr, and three neutrons. The measured masses of these isotopes are 235.043930 u( 235 U), 143.922953 u(144 Ba), 88.917631 u (89 Kr), and 1.0086649 u (neutron). (a) Calculate the energy (in MeV) released by each fission reaction. (b) Calculate the energy released per gram of 235 U, in MeV/g.arrow_forward9 H the mass of the products in a fission reaction is 3.2 x 10^28 kg less than the reactants, how much energy is released in the reaction? (A) 3.6 10 45J (B) 1.1 x 10-38J (C) 9.6 x 10420 J (D) 2.9 x 10-11 Jarrow_forwardOn absorption of a single neutron, plutonium Pu-239 can undergo fission into xenon Xe-134 plus zirconium Zr-103 plus three neutrons. The masses of these nuclei are, mpu-239 = 239.052 amu, mxe-134 = 133.905 amu, and mzr-103 = 102.927 amu. Calculate the energy given off in this nuclear reaction. Back Alt+Left arrowarrow_forward
- Nuclear power plants convert the energy released in fission reactions to electric energy. Consider one such power plant that generates 1.00 GW of electric power. The fission of each uranium-235 nucleus releases 250 MeV of energy. The power released by the fission reactions is converted to electric power with a 41.0% efficiency. How much uranium-235 per day, by mass in kg, undergoes fission at this power plant?arrow_forwardSuppose enriched uranium containing 3.70% of the fissionable isotope 23592U is used as fuel for a ship. The water exerts an average friction force of magnitude 2.50 105 N on the ship. How far can the ship travel per kilogram of fuel? Assume that the energy released per fission event is 208 MeV and the ship's engine has an efficiency of 20.0%. please answer should be in kmarrow_forwardEach fusion reaction of deuterium (H2) and tritium (H3) releases about 20.0 MeV. The molar mass of tritium is approximately 3.02 g. What mass (m) of tritium is needed to create 1015 J of energy, the same as that released by exploding 250,000 tons of TNT? Assume that an endless supply of deuterium is available. m = ? kgarrow_forward
- Two nuclei having atomic numbers Z1 and Z2 approach each other with a total energy E. (a) When they are far apart, they interact only by electric repulsion. If they approach to a distance of 1.00 x 10-14 m, the nuclear force suddenly takes over to make them fuse. Find the minimum value of E, in terms of Z1 and Z2, required to produce fusion. (b) State how E depends on the atomic numbers. (c) If Z1 + Z2 is to have a certain target value such as 60, would it be energetically favorable to take Z1 = 1 and Z2 = 59, or Z1 = Z2 = 30, or some other choice? Explain your answer. (d) Evaluate from your expression the minimum energy for fusion for the D–D and D–T reactions (the first and third reactions in Eq. 43.35).arrow_forwardAn alpha particle (4He) undergoes an elastic collision with a stationary uranium nucleus (235U). What percent of the kinetic energy of the alpha particle is transferred to the uranium nucleus? Assume the collision is onedimensional.arrow_forwardA neutron in a star makes an elastic head-on collision with a carb on nucleus initially at rest. The mass of the carbon nucleus is 12 times the mass of the neutron mn = 1.7 ×10^−27kg. The initial kinetic energy of the neutron is 1.6 × 10^−13J. a) Show that the final speed of the carbon nucleus, Vc, is given by (see image) where vn is the initial speed of the neutron.arrow_forward
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