Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 8, Problem 4AC
Some species of bacteria that live at the surface of sediment on the bottom of lakes are capable of using either glycolysis plus fermentation or
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Waterborne microorganisms can survive in water with small amounts of nutrients but thrive in polluted water, which is rich in nutrients. Why do you think that polluted water is considered rich in nutrients?
Chapter 8 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 8.1 - explain how photosynthesis and glucose breakdown...Ch. 8.1 - summarize glucose breakdown in the presence and...Ch. 8.2 - What is the net energy yield in ATP and NADH...Ch. 8.2 - explain the energy investment and...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 8.3 - How would the rate of ATP production be affected...Ch. 8.3 - Cyanide is a favorite poison in old murder...Ch. 8.3 - Raising a King The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that...Ch. 8.3 - summarize the two major stages of cellular...Ch. 8.3 - explain how ATP is generated by chemiosmosis?
Ch. 8.3 - describe the role of oxygen in cellular...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1TCCh. 8.4 - What would happen if cells were prevented from...Ch. 8.4 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 8.4 - explain the function of fermentation and the...Ch. 8.4 - compare the two types of fermentation?Ch. 8.4 - list some examples of human uses of each type of...Ch. 8.4 - Jeremy has always had difficulty walking rapidly...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is True for one glucose...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2MCCh. 8 - Prob. 3MCCh. 8 - Prob. 4MCCh. 8 - Prob. 5MCCh. 8 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 8 - Prob. 1RQCh. 8 - Draw and label a mitochondrion, and explain how...Ch. 8 - What role do the following play in breaking down...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RQCh. 8 - Prob. 5RQCh. 8 - Prob. 6RQCh. 8 - Prob. 7RQCh. 8 - Compare the structure of chloroplasts (described...Ch. 8 - Some species of bacteria use aerobic respiration,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 2ACCh. 8 - Prob. 3ACCh. 8 - Some species of bacteria that live at the surface...
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- High levels of certain plant nutrients in runoff can lead to rapid growth of algae (an algal bloom) in aquatic ecosystems. These algal blooms are generally followed by algal death and decomposition, which consumes large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water and results in oxygen levels insufficient to support aerobic respiration. This process is known as eutrophication. The amount of algae present in a body of water can be estimated from the amount of chlorophyll a in a sample of the water. A researcher studying eutrophication collected samples at different times of the year in a freshwater ecosystem. The samples were analyzed for total nitrogen and chlorophyll a concentration (Figure 1) as well as total phosphorus and chlorophyll a concentration (Figure 2). Which of the following was the dependent variable in the researcher’s study? a.The variance of the data points from the trend line b.The slope of the trend line showing the rate…arrow_forwardUse the words obligate, facultative, aerobic, anaerobic, autotroph, and heterotroph to describe the metabolism of a human, oak tree, E. coli, and Methanococcus jannaschii (an organism that lives in deepwater anoxic sediments).arrow_forwardMethanopyrus kandleri and Pyrolobus fumarij are bacteria that live near hydrothermal vents under the oceans. Temperatures at these vents can reach well over 100 degrees Celsius. Both organisms obtain energy from hydrogen but Methanopyrus kandleri grows best at 98 degrees Celsius while Pyrolobus fumarij prefers to reproduce at temperatures above 100 degrees Celsius. These bacteria provide the base of a food web at the bottom of the ocean floor. What questions could a student ask in order to investigate this difference between the bacteria? A. What kind of heat tolerance do other nearby organisms have? B. Does the Methanopyrus kandleri live farther away from the vent than the Pyrolobus fumarij? C. Does Methanopyrus kandleri have a thicker cell wall than Pyrolobus fumarij? D. Is one organism better adapted to the environment than the other?arrow_forward
- Which of the following terms describes a passive transport process? Group of answer choices Uphill Endergonic Spontaneous Positive free energy changearrow_forwardWhy is energy required for nutrient transport? Give an example of a system that transports nutrients and describe what source of energy is used to move the nutrients into the cell. Why can’t most organisms use the nitrogen gas that is so prevalent in the atmosphere? How do these organisms acquire a usable form of nitrogen?arrow_forwardMake a diagram showing the interconnection between carbon and nitrogen cycle. Indicate possible microorganisms (scientific name) involved in each process.arrow_forward
- 10) The graph describes the relative rates of metabolism that occur at different depths in a lake. I. Evaluate the figure and indicate whether the letters A and D represent only the respiration rate of the organisms. A) TrueB) false II. Evaluate the figure in indicate what the productivity observed at 10 meters is due to. A) Excess nutrients on the surface.B) High temperatures.C) The turbinez of the water at 10 meters.D) The availability of the Light. III. Part of the energy that is not transferred to subsequent trophic levels is used by organisms for their vital processes. What happens to the remaining energy? A) is used in reproduction.B) It is removed as heat.C) It is stored as a reserve of nutrients.D) It is stored as body tissue.arrow_forwardState whether the following is True or False of the process of eutrophication from the overuse of fertilizers. Group of answer choices Eutrophication often starts with stimulating algal growth [ Choose ] TRUE FALSE Eutrophication results in loss of dissolved oxygen from the process of photosynthesis [ Choose ] TRUE FALSE It is the decomposition of algae after algal blooms that lead to bacterial growth causing a loss of oxygen [ Choose ] TRUE FALSE Eutrophication is a natural process and can occur in the absence of fertilizers [ Choose ] TRUE FALSEarrow_forwardWhich of the following could be an effect of an excess ofsewage running into a freshwater reservoir?(a) It could cause the water to become polluted and nonpo-table.(b) It could cause an increase in the biological oxygen de-mand (BOD).(c) It could cause oxygen depletion, leading to an increasein the anaerobic microbial population.(d) Large quantities of organic wastes could be left behind,killing off many plants and animals or causing animalsto migrate.(e) All of the above.arrow_forward
- What would happen if all microorganisms were to vanish from the nitrogen cycle? Give an explanation for your response.arrow_forwardExamine the figure below and answer the following questions using the letters below (type, A, B, C, or D in the blanks) a. Which zone has the lowest Biological Oxygen Demand? b. Which zone has the lowest Dissolved Oxygen? c. Which zone has the highest Biological Oxygen Demand? d. Which zone shows the greatest change in Dissolved Oxygen? Types of organisms Normal clean water organisms Trash fish Fish absent, : (carp, gar. : fungi, sludge (Trout, perch, bass, mayfly, stonefly) Trash fish (carp, gar,: leeches) worms, bacteria (anaerobic) leeches) 8 ppm Dissolved 8 ppm oxygen (ppm) Biological oxygen demand Decomposition Septic Zone Rec very Zone Clean Zone Clean Zone Zone B C 近arrow_forwardReverse electron transport makes unique ecological niches available to microorganisms. Explain this statementarrow_forward
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