Concept explainers
For each of the following groups, place the atoms and/or ions in order of decreasing size.
a. V, V2+, V3+, V5+
b. Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+
c. Te2−, I−, Cs+, Ba2+
d. P, P−, P2−, P3−.
e. O2−, S2−, Se2−, Te2−
(a)
Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.
Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.
To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions
Answer to Problem 54E
Explanation of Solution
In a periodic table the size of ions depends on the nuclear attraction on the valence electrons. Positive ions are formed by removing electrons from outer shell. Hence, formation of positive ions or cation not only vacant the orbitals but also decrease the electron-electron repulsion. As a result size of cations is smaller than neutral atom.
The ions
Hence, the decreasing order is
(b)
Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.
Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.
To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions
Answer to Problem 54E
Explanation of Solution
In a periodic table, the size of elements increases down the group. The elements
The size of ions also depends on the nuclear attraction on the valence electrons. Positive ions are formed by removing electrons from outer shell. Hence, formation of positive ions or cation not only vacant the orbitals but also decrease the electron-electron repulsion. As a result size of cations is smaller than neutral atom.
Hence, the decreasing order of ions is
(c)
Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.
Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.
To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions
Answer to Problem 54E
Explanation of Solution
In a periodic table, the size of elements decreases from left to right along the period. Also if the periodic number increases then atomic size also increases. The elements
The electronic configuration of ions
The number of electrons present in
For isoelectronic ions, the size of atom decreases with increase in cation charge and increase with anion charge. Hence, the decreasing size of ions is
(d)
Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.
Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.
To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions
Answer to Problem 54E
Explanation of Solution
Addition of electrons leads to increase in electron-electron repulsion which causes the electrons to spread out more in space. As a result, size of anion is larger than neutral atom.
Hence, the decreasing order of ions is
The size of ions depends on the gaining or losing of electrons. The size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by losing electrons. The decreasing order of ions is
(e)
Interpretation: The given ions are to be placed in decreasing order of size.
Concept introduction: The ionic size depends on the number of electrons transferred. The atomic size of cations is smaller than anions. Also the size of ions increases by gaining electrons whereas size decreases by accepting electrons.
To determine: The decreasing order of size of ions
Answer to Problem 54E
Explanation of Solution
In a periodic table, the size of elements increases down the group. The elements
Addition of electrons leads to increase in electron-electron repulsion which causes the electrons to spread out more in space. As a result, size of anion is larger than neutral atom.
Hence, the decreasing order of ions is
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
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