Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mass flowrates of the vapor and liquid streams, the ammonia mass fractions of vapor and liquid streams and the rate at which the heat is transferred to the vaporizer are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘ input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘ generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘ output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘ consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘ accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
The equation for energy balance is:
Here,
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Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- Water boils at 100 oC at 1 atm (101325 Pa). Tom dissolve 574.4 g of sugar (MW = 342.3 g/mol) in 1.25 Kg of water (MW = 18.02 g/mol). Assuming ideal, use Raoult's law to estimate the vapor pressure of water of the mixture at 100 oC. Pwater = _______ Pa. 3 sig. fig.arrow_forwardA mixture of methane and air is capable of being ignited only if the mole percent of methane is between 5% and 15%. A mixture containing 6.00 mole% methane in air flowing at a rate of 1300.0 kg/h is to be diluted with pure air to reduce the methane concentration to the lower flammability limit. Calculate the required flow rate of air in mol/h and the percent by mass of oxygen in the product gas. (Note: Air may be taken to consist of 21.0 mole% O2 and 79.0 mole% N and hence to have an average molecular weight of 29.0). Required dilution air: 4/1ouy Mass percent O2 in product: iarrow_forwardQ3) Phosphoric acid is a colorless deliquescent acid used in the manufacture of fertilizers and as a flavoring agent in drinks. For a given 10 wt % phosphoric acid solution of specific gravity 1.10 determine: a. the mol fraction composition of this mixture. b. the volume (in gallons) of this solution which would contain 1 g mol H3PO4.arrow_forward
- An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide contains 30.0% NaOH by mass. It is desired to produce an 10.0% NaOH solution by diluting a stream of the 30% solution with a stream of pure water. Calculate the ratios (liters H2O/kg feed solution) and (kg product solution/kg feed solution).arrow_forwardA spent sulfuric acid solution is brought up to strength for a pickling process in a mixer. Spent solution at 3% sulfuric acid (by weight) is mixed with a 50% solution (by weight) to obtain the desired product concentration of 40% acid by weight. All are aqueous solutions. Determine all flowrates on the basis of 100 lbm/h of product. If the actual flow of the spent stream is 300 lbm/h, what must the flowrates of the streams be?arrow_forwardA tank contains 400 liters of brine holding 100kg of salt in solution. Water containing 125g of salt per liter flows into the tank at the rate of 12 liters per minute, and the mixture, kept uniform by stirring, flows out at the same rate. Find the amount of salt at the end of 90 minutes.arrow_forward
- A mixture of methane and air is capable of being ignited only if the mole percent of methane is between 5% and 15%. A mixture containing 9.0 mole% methane in air flowing at a rate of 7:00 x 102 kg/h is to be diluted with pure air to reduce the methane concentration to the lower flammability limit. Calculate the required flow rate of air in mol/h and the percent by mass of oxygen in the product gas. (Note: Air may be taken to consist of 21 mole% O2 and 79% N2 and to have an average molecular weight of 29.0.)arrow_forwardThe aqueous solution of acetic with a flow rate of 1000 kg/hr contains 30% acetic acid by mass and will be extracted in a countercurrent multistage process with pure isopropyl ether (IPE) to reduce the acetic acid concentration in the final raffinate phase (LN) to 2% by mass. a) Calculate the minimum solvent flow. b) Determine the theoretical number of steps required when using a solvent of 1.5 minimum solvent flow rate. c) Determine the number of theoretical steps using the McCabe-Thiele method. Chart. Acetic acid (A)-Water (B)-isopropyl ether (IPE) (C) LIQUID-Liquid Balances at 1 atm pressure and 293 K Water layer (%) Water (B) Isopropyl ether layer (%) Water (B) 0.6 Acetic acid (A) IPE (C) Acetic acid (A) IPE (C) 98.8 1.2 99.4 99.3 98.9 0.69 98.1 1.2 0.18 0.5 1.41 97.1 1.5 0.37 0.7 2.89 95.5 1.6 0.79 98.4 91.7 1.9 1.0 97.1 6.42 13.30 25.50 36.70 1.9 93.3 4.82 11.40 2.3 84.4 71.1 3.4 3.9 84.7 71.5 21.60 31.10 58.9 4.4 6.9 58.1 48.7 10.6 10.8 45.1 37.1 44.30 46.40 16.5 36.20 15.1…arrow_forwardEx7; An aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide contains 20.0% NaOH by mass. It is desired to produce an 8.0% NaOH solution by diluting a stream of the 20% solution with a stream of pure water. Calculate the ratios (liters H20/kg feed solution) and (kg product solution/kg feed solution). F =? kg = 0.2 XNaOH P =? kg XH,0 = 0.8 F2 =? kg F2 = 0.08 kg Na0H/kg xH,0 = 0.92 kg H20/kg %3D 1arrow_forward
- Q3/ The solubility of sodium chloride NaCl in water at 290 K is 35.8 kg / 100 kg of water. Express the solubility as the following: 1- Mass fraction and the mass percent of NaCl 2- Mole fraction and mole percent of NaCl 3- kmol of NaCl per 1000 kg of water Note: molecular weight of NaCl = 135. 8, and water = 18.016 04/Aton ctroom of a dictillation col.umn uns docignod to romoue O504ofthe amount of componontarrow_forwardAs solute is dissolved in a solvent, the vapor pressure of the solution changes according to Raoult's law Psoln Psolv X Xsolv where Psoln is the vapor pressure of the solution, Psolv is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent, and Xsolv is the mole fraction of the solvent. If the solute dissociates into ions, the term Xsolv must be modified to take into consideration the total number of moles of particles in the solution, both ions and molecules. When a solution contains two volatile components, A and B, the total pressure of the solution is equal to the sum of the individual vapor pressures according to Dalton's law as follows: Ptotal PAX XA +PB X XB Part A At 55.0 °C, what is the vapor pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 75.8 g of LiF in 253 g of water? The vapor pressure of water at 55.0 °C is 118 mmHg. Assume complete dissociation of the solute. Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) μA Value Submit…arrow_forwardA mixture of phenol and water, under certain conditions of temperature and composition, forms two separate liquid phases, one rich in phenol and the other rich in water. At 30⁰ the compositions of the upper and lower layers are 70% and 9% by mass phenol, respectively. If 40kg of phenol and 60kg of water are mixed and the layers are allowed to separate at 30⁰C, what will be the weight of the two layers?arrow_forward
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