Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition)
Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780393614046
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Natalie Foster, Stacey Lowery Bretz, Geoffrey Davies
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 8, Problem 8.120QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The given compounds and ions in order of increasing carbon-oxygen bond lengths and increasing bond energies are to be ranked.

Concept introduction: The bond length is the distance between the nuclei of atoms and bond order is defined as the total number of bonds present in a molecule.

When the bond order is high, the bond length is shorter because of the stronger attraction between the atoms. Bond length shows inverse relation with the bond energy.

To determine: The order of increasing carbon-oxygen bond lengths for the given compounds and ion.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.120QP

Solution

The order of increasing carbon-oxygen bond length is CO<CO2<CO32 .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The order of carbon-oxygen bond lengths is predicted by calculating the bond order of the given ions. The bond order is inversely proportional to the bond length in a given ion or a molecule. So, more is the bond order value less is the bond strength.

The given compounds and ions are CO , CO2 and CO32 . Carbon and oxygen belongs to 14 and 16 groups of the periodic table and has four and six valence electrons respectively. Therefore, CO molecule has 4+6=10 total valence electrons. It consists of three electron pair and one CO bond. The structure of CO is,

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition), Chapter 8, Problem 8.120QP , additional homework tip  1

Figure 1

The average bond order of CO bond in CO is calculated by using the formula,

Averagebondorder=TotalnumberofelectronpairinCObondsTotalnumberofCObonds

Substitute the values of number of electron pair and CO bond in the above formula to calculate the bond order of CO molecule.

Averagebondorder=31=3

The bond order of CO bond in CO is 3 .

The CO2 molecule has one carbon and two oxygen atoms. Carbon and oxygen belongs to 14 and 16 groups of the periodic table and has four and six valence electrons respectively. The total valence electrons in CO2 is calculated as,

1C+2O=1(4)+2(6)=4+12=16

The structure of CO2 is,

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition), Chapter 8, Problem 8.120QP , additional homework tip  2

Figure 2

The CO2 molecule has four electron pair and two CO bonds. The average bond order of CO bond in CO2 is calculated by using the formula,

Averagebondorder=TotalnumberofelectronpairinCObondsTotalnumberofCObonds

Substitute the values of number of electron pair and CO bonds in the above formula to calculate the bond order of CO2 .

Averagebondorder=42=2

The bond order of CO bond in CO2 is 2 .

The CO32 ion has one carbon and three oxygen atoms.

Carbon and oxygen belongs to 14 and 16 groups of the periodic table and has four and six valence electrons respectively. The total valence electrons in CO32 ion is calculated as,

1C+3O+chargeonion=1(4)+3(6)+2=4+18+2=24

The structure of CO32 ion is,

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition), Chapter 8, Problem 8.120QP , additional homework tip  3

Figure 3

The CO32 ion has four electron pair and three CO bonds. The average bond order of CO bond in CO32 ion is calculated by using the formula,

Averagebondorder=TotalnumberofelectronpairinCObondsTotalnumberofCObonds

Substitute the values of number of electron pair and CO bonds in the above formula to calculate the bond order of CO32 ion.

Averagebondorder=43=1.3

The bond order of CO bond in CO32 ion is 1.3 .

The increasing order of bond order for the given compounds and ion is CO32<CO2<CO . As the bond order is inversely proportional to the bond length, the increasing order of bond lengths is CO<CO2<CO32 .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: The order of increasing bond energies for the given compounds and ions.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 8.120QP

Solution

The order of increasing bond energies for the given compounds and ions is CO32<CO2<CO .

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The bond energy shows inverse relation to the bond length that is more is the bond length lesser is the amount of energy required to break the bond.

Bond energy is directly proportional to the bond order in a given molecule or ion.

Hence, the increasing order of bond energies is CO32<CO2<CO .

Conclusion

  1. a. The increasing order of bond lengths is CO<CO2<CO32 .
  2. b. The increasing order of bond energies is CO32<CO2<CO .

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Chemistry: The Science in Context (Fifth Edition)

Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 11PECh. 8.7 - Prob. 12PECh. 8 - Prob. 8.1VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.2VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.3VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.4VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.5VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.6VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.7VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.8VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.9VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.11VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.12VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.13VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.14VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.15VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.16VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.17VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.18VPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.19QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.20QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.21QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.22QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.23QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.25QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.26QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.27QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.28QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.29QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.30QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.31QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.32QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.33QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.34QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.35QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.36QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.37QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.38QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.39QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.40QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.41QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.42QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.43QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.44QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.45QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.47QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.48QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.49QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.50QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.51QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.52QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.53QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.54QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.55QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.56QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.57QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.58QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.59QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.60QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.61QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.62QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.63QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.64QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.65QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.66QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.67QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.68QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.69QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.70QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.71QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.72QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.73QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.74QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.75QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.76QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.77QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.78QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.79QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.80QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.81QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.82QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.83QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.87QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.88QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.89QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.90QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.91QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.94QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.95QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.96QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.97QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.98QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.99QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.100QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.101QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.103QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.104QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.105QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.106QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.107QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.108QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.109QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.110QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.112QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.113QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.114QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.115QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.116QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.117QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.118QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.119QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.120QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.121QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.122QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.123QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.124QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.125QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.126QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.127QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.128QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.129QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.130QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.131QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.132QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.133QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.134QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.135QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.136QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.137QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.138QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.139APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.140APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.141APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.142APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.143APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.144APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.145APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.146APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.147APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.148APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.149APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.150APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.151APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.152APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.153APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.154APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.155APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.156APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.157APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.158APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.159APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.160APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.161APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.162APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.163APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.164APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.165APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.166APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.167APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.168APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.169APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.170APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.171APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.172APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.173APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.174APCh. 8 - Prob. 8.175AP
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