Chemistry
13th Edition
ISBN: 9781259911156
Author: Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8.142QP
Referring to Table 8.2, explain why the first ionization energy of helium is less than twice the ionization energy of hydrogen, but the second ionization energy of helium is greater than twice the ionization energy of hydrogen. [Hint: According to Coulomb’s law, the energy between two charges Q1 and Q2 separated by distance r is proportional to (Q1Q2/r).]
Table 8.2 The Ionization Energies (kJ/mol) of the First 20 Elements
Z | Element | First | Second | Third | Fourth | Fifth | Sixth |
1 | H | 1,312 | |||||
2 | He | 2,373 | 5,251 | ||||
3 | Li | 520 | 7,300 | 11,815 | |||
4 | Be | 899 | 1,757 | 14,850 | 21,005 | ||
5 | B | 801 | 2,430 | 3,660 | 25,000 | 32,820 | |
6 | C | 1,086 | 2,350 | 4,620 | 6,220 | 38,000 | 47,261 |
7 | N | 1,400 | 2,860 | 4,580 | 7,500 | 9,400 | 53,000 |
8 | O | 1,314 | 3,390 | 5,300 | 7,470 | 11,000 | 13,000 |
9 | F | 1,680 | 3,370 | 6,050 | 8,400 | 11,000 | 15,200 |
10 | Ne | 2,080 | 3,950 | 6,120 | 9,370 | 12,200 | 15,000 |
11 | Na | 495.9 | 4,560 | 6,900 | 9,540 | 13,400 | 16,600 |
12 | Mg | 738.1 | 1,450 | 7,730 | 10,500 | 13,600 | 18,000 |
13 | Al | 577.9 | 1,820 | 2,750 | 11,600 | 14,800 | 18,400 |
14 | Si | 786.3 | 1,580 | 3,230 | 4,360 | 16,000 | 20,000 |
15 | P | 1,012 | 1,904 | 2,910 | 4,960 | 6,240 | 21,000 |
16 | S | 999.5 | 2,250 | 3,360 | 4,660 | 6,990 | 8,500 |
17 | Cl | 1,251 | 2,297 | 3,820 | 5,160 | 6,540 | 9,300 |
18 | Ar | 1,521 | 2,666 | 3,900 | 5,770 | 7,240 | 8,800 |
19 | K | 418.7 | 3,052 | 4,410 | 5,900 | 8,000 | 9,600 |
20 | Ca | 589.5 | 1,145 | 4,900 | 6,500 | 8,100 | 11,000 |
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 8.2 - An atom of a certain element has 20 electrons. (a)...Ch. 8.2 - Identify the elements that fit the following...Ch. 8.2 - What is the ground-state electron configuration...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 2PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 3PECh. 8.3 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 8.3 - Arrange the following species in order of...Ch. 8.3 - Identify the spheres shown here with each of the...Ch. 8.4 - (a) Which of the following atoms should have a...Ch. 8.4 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...
Ch. 8.4 - Label the plots shown here for the first, second,...Ch. 8.5 - Is it likely that Ar will form the anion Ar?Ch. 8.5 - Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing...Ch. 8.5 - Why is it possible to measure the successive...Ch. 8.6 - Classify the following oxides as acidic, basic, or...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 1RCFCh. 8 - Briefly describe the significance of Mendeleevs...Ch. 8 - What is Moseleys contribution to the modern...Ch. 8 - Describe the general layout of a modern periodic...Ch. 8 - What is the most important relationship among...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.5QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.6QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.7QPCh. 8 - What is a representative element? Give names and...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9QPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.10QPCh. 8 - You are given a dark shiny solid and asked to...Ch. 8 - What are valence electrons? 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