Chapter 8, Problem 8.20QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To specify group of the periodic table of the element having electronic configuration $\left[Ne\right]3s^1$.

Concept Introduction:

• Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals. It gives an idea about the shape and energy of electrons in an atom.
• The elements with same valence electrons have similar properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.
• Group I in the periodic table contains 1 valence electron and the outer electronic configuration is ${\text{ns}}^1$.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To specify group of the periodic table of the element having electronic configuration $\left[Ne\right]3s^{2}3p^3$.

Concept Introduction:

• Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals. It gives an idea about the shape and energy of electrons in an atom.
• The elements with same valence electrons have similar properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.
• Group 5A in the periodic table contains 5 valence electrons and the outer electronic configuration is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}{\text{np}}^{\text{3}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To specify group of the periodic table of the element having electronic configuration $\left[Ne\right]3s^{2}3p^6$.

Concept Introduction:

• Electron configuration is the distribution of electrons in the atomic orbitals. It gives an idea about the shape and energy of electrons in an atom.
• The elements with same valence electrons have similar properties and are placed in the same group in periodic table.
• Group 8A in the periodic table contains 8 valence electrons and the outer electronic configuration is ${\text{ns}}^{\text{2}}{\text{np}}^{\text{6}}$.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: To specify group of the periodic table of the element having electronic configuration $\left[Ar\right]4s^{2}3d^8$.

Concept Introduction:

• The elements in a periodic table can be classified into different categories according to the type of subshell containing the valence electrons, namely representative elements, transition metals the lanthanides, and the actinides.
• Transition elements contain either d subshell which are incomplete or that can form cations having incomplete d subshell.
• First-row transition metals have outer electronic configurations of ${\text{3d}}^{\text{(1-10)}}{\text{4s}}^{\left(\text{1-2}\right)}$. The 4s orbitals have lower energy comparing to the 3d orbitals and are filled first