EBK CHEMISTRY
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135216972
Author: Robinson
Publisher: PEARSON CO
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8.29CP
Three of the following molecular models have a tetrahedral central atom, and one does not. Which is the odd one? (There maybe a “hidden” atom directly behind a visible atom in some cases.)
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Here's a wild molecule: disulfur dinitride (S2N2). It can be isolated as a crystalline solid,
but it is unstable (explosive). Therefore, it must to be handled carefully in an inert atmosphere free
of oxygen. X-ray diffraction measurements of the crystalline solid indicate the atoms are arranged in
a square with the sulfur atoms on opposite corners and the nitrogen atoms on the remaining opposite
corners. Consider the bonding in this unusual molecule.
a. Determine the best Lewis structure representation for S2N2. Include the formal charges on
each atom in the structure.
b. Determine the valence bonding theory predictions for hybridization at each atom in S2N2.
The bond angles in S2N2 have been measured by X-ray diffraction and are all approximately
90°. Does valence bond theory do a good job of predicting this observation?
Consider the geometry and bonding of S2N2 computed using molecular orbital theory. The
results are shown below. Identify the orbital character of the HOMO(-2),…
Consider selenium oxychloride (SeOCl2):
What is the elemental symbol of its central atom?
How many valence electrons does this molecule contain?
How many lone electron pairs surround the central atom?
How many regions of electron density surround the central atom?
For remaining items in this question, place the appropriate letter in the box:
What is the electron geometry of this molecule?
A = linear
B = trigonal planar
C = tetrahedral
D = trigonal bipyramidal
E = octahedral
What is the molecular shape of this molecule?
A = tetrahedral
B = trigonal pyramid
C = bent or angular
D = T-shape
E = Sawhorse or seesaw
Is this a polar molecule?
A = Yes
B = No
What is the hybridization of the central atom?
A = sp
B = sp2
C = sp3
D = sp3d
E = sp3d2
1) Why is it important to understand the molecular geometry or shape of molecules and ions in chemistry?
H2Se
CCl4
CH2Cl2
HCN
NH3Cl+
NH2-
CH3COCH3
CH3COOH
2) Among the eight molecules and ions studied in this experiment, (a) which molecule(s) or ion(s) are polar, and which ones are non-polar? (b) What is the difference between polar and non-polar molecules or ions? (c) What two factors dictate the polarity of the molecule or ion?
Chapter 8 Solutions
EBK CHEMISTRY
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.1PCh. 8 - What is the number and geometric arrangement of...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.3 Acetic acid, CH3CO2H , is the main...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.4 Benzene, C6H6 , is a cyclic molecule in...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.5 Identify the orbitals that overlap to...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.6 Describe the bonding in propane, C3H8 ,...Ch. 8 - PRACTICE 8.7 Describe the hybridization of the...Ch. 8 - Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Which orbitals overlap to form the sigma and pi...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.10 Describe the hybridization of the...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.11PCh. 8 - Conceptual APPLY 8.12 Match the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.13PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.14ACh. 8 - Prob. 8.15PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.16ACh. 8 - Prob. 8.17ACh. 8 - Prob. 8.18ACh. 8 - The B2 molecule has a MO diagram similar to that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.20ACh. 8 - PRACTICE 8.23 Draw two resonance structures for...Ch. 8 - APPLY 8.24 Draw two resonance structures for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.23PCh. 8 - Prob. 8.24PCh. 8 - Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.26PCh. 8 - What is the geometry around the central atom in...Ch. 8 - What is the geometry around the central atom in...Ch. 8 - Three of the following molecular models have a...Ch. 8 - Identify each of the following sets of hybrid...Ch. 8 - The VSEPR model is a simple predictive tool that...Ch. 8 - The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a...Ch. 8 - The following ball-and-stick molecular model is a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.34CPCh. 8 - The dipole moment of methanol is =1.70D . Use...Ch. 8 - Methylarnine, CH3NH2 , is responsible for the odor...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.37CPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.38SPCh. 8 - What shape do you expect for molecules that meet...Ch. 8 - How many charge clouds are there around the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.41SPCh. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.45SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.46SPCh. 8 - What shape do you expect for each of the following...Ch. 8 - What bond angles do you expect for each of the...Ch. 8 - What bond angles do you expect for each of the...Ch. 8 - Acrylonitrile is used as the starting material for...Ch. 8 - Predict values for all bond angles in dimethyl...Ch. 8 - Oceanographers study the mixing of water masses by...Ch. 8 - A potential replacement for the chlorofluorocarbon...Ch. 8 - Explain why cyclohexane, a substance that contains...Ch. 8 - Like cyclohexane (Problem 8.54), benzene also...Ch. 8 - Use VSEPR theory to answer the following...Ch. 8 - Draw an electron-dot structure for each of the...Ch. 8 - What is the difference in spatial distribution...Ch. 8 - The average CC bond dissociation energy (D) is 350...Ch. 8 - What hybridization do you expect for atoms that...Ch. 8 - What spatial arrangement of charge clouds...Ch. 8 - What hybridization would you expect for the...Ch. 8 - What hybridization would you expect for the...Ch. 8 - Oxaloacetic acid is an intermediate involved in...Ch. 8 - The atoms in the amino acid glycine are connected...Ch. 8 - Describe the hybridization of the carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Describe the hybridization of each carbon atom in...Ch. 8 - Bupropion, marketed as Wellbutr in, is a heavily...Ch. 8 - Efavirenz, marketed as Sustiva, is a medication...Ch. 8 - What is the hybridization of the B and N atoms in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.71SPCh. 8 - Aspirin has the following connections among atoms....Ch. 8 - The cation [HCNXeF]+ is entirely linear. Draw an...Ch. 8 - Acrylonitrile (C3H3N) is a molecule that is...Ch. 8 - The odor of cinnamon oil is due to cinnamaldehyde,...Ch. 8 - The following molecular model is a representation...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.77SPCh. 8 - Which of the following substances would you expect...Ch. 8 - Which of the following substances would you expect...Ch. 8 - Why is the dipole moment of SO2 1.63 D hut that of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.81SPCh. 8 - The class of ions PtX42 , where X is a halogen,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.83SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.84SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.85SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.86SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.87SPCh. 8 - What are the most important kinds of...Ch. 8 - Of the substances Xe, CH3Cl , and HF which has:...Ch. 8 - Methanol (CH3OH;bp=65C) boils nearly 230 °C higher...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.91SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.92SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.93SPCh. 8 - A liquid sample contains methylamine (CH3NH2)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.95SPCh. 8 - What is the difference in spatial distribution...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.97SPCh. 8 - Use the MO energy diagram in Figure 8.22b to...Ch. 8 - Use the MO energy diagram in Figure 8.22 a to...Ch. 8 - The C2 molecule can be represented by an MO...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.101SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.102SPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.103SPCh. 8 - Draw a molecular orbital energy diagram for Li2 ....Ch. 8 - Calcium carbide, CaC2 , reacts with water to...Ch. 8 - At high temperatures, sulfur vapor is...Ch. 8 - Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete...Ch. 8 - Make a sketch showing the location and geometry of...Ch. 8 - Make a sketch showing the location and geometry of...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.110MPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.111MPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.112MPCh. 8 - Prob. 8.113MPCh. 8 - Just as individual bonds in a molecule are often...Ch. 8 - Cyclooctatetraenedian ion, C8H82 , is an organic...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In each of the following molecules, a central atom is surrounded by a total of three atoms or unshared electron pairs: SnCl2, BCl3, SO2. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 120? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardWhich of the following represent configurations of indium ions in compounds? Explain your decision in each ease. a In4+ [Kr]4d9 b In+ [Kr]4d10 5s2 c In3+ [Kr]4d10 d In [Kr]4d10 5s1arrow_forwardConsider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S. In each case, a central atom is surrounded by four electron pairs. In which of these molecules would you expect the bond angle to be less than 109.5? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
- It is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures for the following species, and indicate whether each is an odd-electron species, an electron-deficient species, or an expanded valence shell species. There is only one central atom in each. (a) XeF2 (b) BeCl2 (c) XeO2F4 (both O and F are terminal atoms)arrow_forwardWhich of these molecules is least likely to exist: NF5, PF5, SbF5, or IF5? Explain why.arrow_forward
- Write the ground-state electron configuration for each atomand ion pair-Zr, Zr2+, Co, Co2+, Tc, Tc3+, Os, Os4+?arrow_forward1A2: Define electron pair domain (EPD), count EPDS on building blocks, and use EPD knowledge to determine 3D geometry and bond angles of a tetrahedral, trigonal planar, linear building block. For the indicated atoms (look for the arrows) in each of the given structures: (a) state how many EPDs are present; (b) Label tetrahedral atoms with "TET," trigonal planar atoms with "TP," and linear atoms with "LIN;" (c) Identify one (1) indicated atom in each structure for which resonance structures bring a change in the number of EPDs from 4++3/3+4 or 3+2/2+3. A resonance structure must be reported to justify your reported EPD changes. H₂C CH3 --С HO 1 Br -CH3 CH3 CI H₂C N CH3 CH3 он оarrow_forwardConsider an iodine tetrafluoride cation (IF4+): What is the elemental symbol of its central atom? How many valence electrons does this molecule contain? How many lone electron pairs surround the central atom? How many regions of electron density surround the central atom? For remaining items in this question, place the appropriate letter in the box: What is the electron geometry of this molecule? A = linear B = trigonal planar C = tetrahedral D = trigonal bipyramidal E = octahedral What is the molecular shape of this molecule? A = tetrahedral B = trigonal pyramid C = bent or angular D = T-shape E = Sawhorse or seesaw Is this a polar molecule? A = Yes B = No What is the hybridization of the central atom? A = sp B = sp2 C = sp3 D = sp3d E = sp3d2arrow_forward
- 1- The following chemical reaction takes place in an aqueous solution: FeBr2 (aq) + 2KOH (aq) → Fe(OH)2 (s) + 2KBr (aq) Write the net ionic equation for this reaction. 2- Draw the Lewis structure for ethane (C2H6). Be certain you include any lone pairs. 3-Predict the products of the reaction below. That is, complete the right-hand side of the chemical equation. Be sure your equation is balanced. HBr + Ca(OH)2 → 4-A chemistry student needs 25.0 g of methyl acetate for an experiment. By consulting the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, the student discovers that the density of methyl acetate is 0.934 g *cm-3. Calculate the volume of methyl acetate the student should pour out. Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. ____________mL 5- NASA communicates with the Space Shuttle and International Space Station using Ku-band microwave radio. Suppose NASA transmits a microwave signal to the Space Shuttle using radio…arrow_forwardThe hydrocarbon cyclobutane, C4H8, is represented above. At high temperatures, cyclobutane quickly decomposes into ethene, C2H4. (see attached image) (a) Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram of the ethene molecule in the following box, and estimate the value of the H−C−H bond angle in ethene.arrow_forwardHow many of the following have five (5) electron groups around the central atom? BrF5, PC15, CIF3, XeF2arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133949640
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY