Accounts receivable refers to the amounts to be received within a short period from customers upon the sale of goods and services on account. In other words, accounts receivable are amounts customers owe to the business. Accounts receivable is an asset of a business.
Sale of receivables to a factor:
Receivables can be liquidated by selling the receivables to a factor such as financial institutions or bankers by losing some percentage of receivables as fees (Service charge expense) before its maturity period. Factors will collect cash on receivables directly from the respective customers at its maturity.
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING: TOOLS WP ACCESS
- The Raattama Corporation had sales of $3.5 million last year, and it earned a 5% return (after taxes) on sales. Recently, the company has fallen behind in its accounts payable. Although its terms of purchase are net 30 days, its accounts payable represents 60 days’ purchases. The company’s treasurer is seeking to increase bank borrowing in order to become current in meeting its trade obligations (that is, to have 30 days’ payables outstanding). The company’s balance sheet is as follows (in thousands of dollars): How much bank financing is needed to eliminate the past-due accounts payable? Assume that the bank will lend the firm the amount calculated in part a. The terms of the loan offered are 8%, simple interest, and the bank uses a 360-day year for the interest calculation. What is the interest charge for 1 month? (Assume there are 30 days in a month.) Now ignore part b and assume that the bank will lend the firm the amount calculated in part a. The terms of the loan are 7.5%, add-on interest, to be repaid in 12 monthly installments. What is the total loan amount? What are the monthly installments? What is the APR of the loan? What is the effective rate of the loan? Would you, as a bank loan officer, make this loan? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDavid Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firms level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies have debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use debt and what its effects are on stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant: e. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is 250,000 but it is expected to grow faster than 7% during the next 3 years: FCF2 = 290,000 and FCF3 = 320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is 128,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be 152,000, at Year 3 it will be 192,000 and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered value of operations (i.e., the value at Year 3 immediately after the FCF at Year 3)? What is the current unlevered value of operations? What is the horizon value of the tax shield at Year 3? What is the current value of the tax shield? What is the current total value? The tax rate and unlevered cost of equity remain at 25% and 14%, respectively.arrow_forwardDavid Lyons, CEO of Lyons Solar Technologies, is concerned about his firm’s level of debt financing. The company uses short-term debt to finance its temporary working capital needs, but it does not use any permanent (long-term) debt. Other solar technology companies average about 30% debt, and Mr. Lyons wonders why they use so much more debt and how it affects stock prices. To gain some insights into the matter, he poses the following questions to you, his recently hired assistant. Suppose the expected free cash flow for Year 1 is $250,000 but it is expected to grow unevenly over the next 3 years: FCF2=$290,000 and FCF3=$320,000, after which it will grow at a constant rate of 7%. The expected interest expense at Year 1 is $80,000, but it is expected to grow over the next couple of years before the capital structure becomes constant: Interest expense at Year 2 will be $95,000, at Year 3 it will be $120,000, and it will grow at 7% thereafter. What is the estimated horizon unlevered…arrow_forward
- A new firm is developing its business plan. It will require $600,000 of assets, and it projects $435,000 of sales and $350,000 of operating costs for the first year. The firm is quite sure of these numbers because of contracts with its customers and suppliers. It can borrow at a rate of 7.5%, but the bank requires it to have a TIE of at least 4.0, and if the TIE falls below this level the bank will call in the loan and the firm will go bankrupt. What is the maximum debt ratio the firm can use? (Hint: Find the maximum dollars of interest, then the debt that produces that interest, and then the related debt ratio.)arrow_forwardThe Howe Computer Company has grown rapidly during thepast 5 years. Recently, its commercial bank urged the company to consider increasing itspermanent financing. Its bank loan under a line of credit has risen to $150,000, carrying a10% interest rate, and Howe has been 30 to 60 days late in paying trade creditors. Discussions with an investment banker have resulted in the decision to raise $250,000at this time. Investment bankers have assured Howe that the following alternatives arefeasible (flotation costs will be ignored):Alternative 1: Sell common stock at $10 per share.Alternative 2: Sell convertible bonds at a 10% coupon, convertible into 80 shares ofcommon stock for each $1,000 bond (i.e., the conversion price is $12.50 per share).Alternative 3: Sell debentures with a 10% coupon; each $1,000 bond will have 80 warrantsto buy 1 share of common stock at $12.50.Keith Howe, the president, owns 80% of Howe’s common stock and wants to maintain controlof the company; 50,000 shares are…arrow_forwardAmman Ltd. is a manufacturing company that produces paper cups and plates in Nizwa. The company was able to sustain a reasonable amount of sales in the last two quarters despite the pandemic-crisis during the last year. However, the company has faced some serious liquidity problems due to delayed payment by the customers and lower sales in the first two quarters. Hence, the company is seriously thinking about revising its working capital standards by considering the changes in the market. The finance manager of the company is seeking your help in assessing the Average payment period from the following financial data. The company had an opening stock of OMR 20,000 during the last year and made a total purchase of 48,000 OMR. The company has returned OMR 3000 worth material due to quality issues. During the last year, the business has paid OMR 6000 as wages and OMR 8000 as salaries. The company sold goods for a total amount of OMR 70,000 of which OMR 30,000 sales was on cash basis.…arrow_forward
- Lewis Enterprises is considering relaxing its credit standards to increase its currently sagging sales. As a result of the proposed relaxation, sales are expected to increase by 5% from 10,000 to 10,500 units during the coming year; the average collection period is expected to increase from 40 to 55 days; and bad debts are expected to increase from 2% to 4% of sales. The sale price per unit is $39, and the variable cost per unit is $29. The firm's required return on equal-risk investments is 9.4%. Evaluate the proposed relaxation, and make a recommendation to the firm. (Note:Assume a 365-day year.) a. the cost from the increased marginal investment in A/R is? (round to nearest dollar) b. the cost from an increase in bad debts.? (round to nearest dollar) c. compute the net profit from the proposed plan.arrow_forwardThe Howland Carpet Company has grown rapidly during the past 5 years. Recently, its commercial bank urged the company to consider increasing its permanent financing. Its bank loan under a line of credit has risen to $250,000, carrying an 8% interest rate. Howland has been 30 to 60 days late in paying trade creditors. Discussions with an investment banker have resulted in the decision to raise $500,000 at this time. Investment bankers have assured the firm that the following alternatives are feasible (flotation costs will be ignored). ● Alternative 1: Sell common stock at $8. ● Alternative 2: Sell convertible bonds at an 8% coupon, convertible into 100 shares of common stock for each $1,000 bond (i.e., the conversion price is $10 per share). ● Alternative 3: Sell debentures at an 8% coupon, each $1,000 bond carrying 100 warrants to buy common stock at $10. John L. Howland, the president, owns 80% of the common stock and wishes to maintain control of the company. There are 100,000 shares…arrow_forwardLewis Enterprises is considering relaxing its credit standards to increase its currently sagging sales. As a result of the proposed relaxation, sales are expected to increase by 10% from 12,000 to 13,200 units during the coming year; the average collection period is expected to increase from 50 to 70 days; and bad debts are expected to increase from 1% to 2.5% of sales. The sale price per unit is $41, and the variable cost per unit is $29. The firm's required return on equal-risk investments is 9%. Evaluate the proposed relaxation, and make a recommendation to the firm. (Note: Assume a 365-day year.) The additional profit contrbution from an increase in sales is $ ? (round to the nearest dollar) The cost from the increased marginal investment in A/R is $ ? (round to the nearest dollar)arrow_forward
- Knob, Inc., is a nationwide distributor of furniture hardware. The company now uses a central billing system for credit sales of $198.00 million annually. First National, Knob’s principal bank, offers to establish a new concentration banking system for a flat fee of $150,000 per year. The bank estimates that mailing and collection time can be reduced by four days. Assume a 360-day year. By how much will Knob’s cash balances be increased under the new system? (Enter your answer in dollars not in millions.) Assume that the borrowing rate is 12%. How much extra interest income will the new system generate if the extra funds are used to reduce borrowing under Knob’s line of credit with First National? (Enter your answer in dollars not in millions.) Calculate the total annual cost of the old system if collection costs under the old system are $45,000 per year? (Enter your answer in dollars not in millions.)arrow_forwardIt takes Cookie Cutter Modular Homes, Incorporated, about six days to receive and deposit checks from customers. The company’s management is considering a lockbox system to reduce the firm’s collection times. It is expected that the lockbox system will reduce receipt and deposit times to three days total. Average daily collections are $136,000 and the required rate of return is an EAR of 6 percent. Assume 365 days per year. a. What is the reduction in the outstanding cash balance as a result of implementing the lockbox system? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole number, e.g., 32.) b. What is the daily dollar return that could be earned on these savings? (Do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.) c-1. What is the maximum monthly charge the company should pay for this lockbox system if the payment is due at the end of the month? (Do not round intermediate calculations and…arrow_forwardEdward Enterprises is considering relaxing its credit standards to increase its currently sagging sales. As a result of the proposed relaxation, sales are expected to increase by 10% from 10,000 to 11,000 units during the coming year, the Average Collection Period is expected increase from 45 to 60 days; and Bad Debts are expected to increase from 1% to 3% of sales. The Sale Price per unit is $40, and the Variable Cost per unit is $31. The firm’s required on equal-risk investment is 25%. A. What is the Net Gain or Los from implementing the Proposed Plan? (Format: 1,111 G or 1,111 L) B. Would you recommend the Proposed Relaxation? (Format: Yes or No)arrow_forward
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