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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the given reaction has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
The
- 1. Chain initiation
- 2. Chain propagation and
- 3. Chain termination.
Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.
(b)
Interpretation:
The mechanism for the formation of poly(styrene) from styrene has to be given and at which end of the styrene double bond, the
Concept Introduction:
The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps.
- 1. Chain initiation
- 2. Chain propagation and
- 3. Chain termination.
Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
OWLv2 with MindTap Reader, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card for Brown/Iverson/Anslyn/Foote's Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition
- (5) One of Prof Cunningham's former students wrote his doctoral dissertation about a new technology to clean up soil contaminated by certain types of chemicals. One of the chemicals we tested in the lab was 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TECB). (a) Draw the chemical structure of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. (b) When we started working on the project, we thought maybe TeCB would be de- stroyed according to first-order kinetics, but we weren't sure. Below are two tables of actual data that the student collected in the laboratory. The two data sets were collected under different experimental conditions. For each of the two experiments, determine if the disappearance of TeCB is zero-order, first-order, second-order, or something else. Specify the value of the rate constant (ko, k1, or k2, as appropriate). Be sure to give the right units of k! Table 1: Concentration of TECB vs. time, experiment 1 time (min) Conc. (mg/L) 10 20 30 45 5.0 2.93 2.06 0.61 0.28 0.057 Table 2: Concentration of TECB…arrow_forward(a) Describe the polymerization of a blend of maleic anhydride and 2-methyl-1,3- propanediol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Draw a chemical reaction scheme showing the intermediate and final products that are formed. Describe the reaction conditions that you would use to maximize the yield of polymer. (b) Draw the structure of the polymer, showing the repeat unit and end groups, that is obtained when the mole ratio of maleic anhydride to diol is 0.95 (c) What is the number average molecular weight of the polymer of Part (b) when the extent of reaction of maleic anhydride is (i) 90% and (ii) 100%. (d) Describe how the structure of the polymer is altered when it is further reacted with styrene in the presence of peroxide.arrow_forwardAcetylene is a very weak acid; however, it will react with moist silver(I) oxide and form water and a compound composed of silver and carbon. Addition of a solution of HCl to a 0.2352-g sample of the compound of silver andcarbon produced acetylene and 0.2822 g of AgCl.(a) What is the empirical formula of the compound of silver and carbon?(b) The production of acetylene on addition of HCl to the compound of silver and carbon suggests that the carbon is present as the acetylide ion, C22− . Write the formula of the compound showing the acetylide ion.arrow_forward
- Concerning the polymers produced from monomers containing a single C=C double bond, the following generalizations are apparent: (a) The polymers produced are almost always unsubstituted (i.e. ethylene) or have one substituent on the double bond or two substituents on the same carbon atom of the double bond. Monomers containing one or more substituents on each carbon of the double bond seldom polymerize. (b) Most chain polymerizations are carried out by radical initiation; relatively few are produced by ionic initiation. Why? Explain the reasons for these generalizationsarrow_forward(d) Propene can polymerize to form poly(propene). (i) State, with a reason, the atom economy for this reaction. (ii) Draw a section of this polymer, showing two repeat units.arrow_forwardUsing each of the following polymers, (a) (b) ... (c) H H H H H C C C=0c=0c=0 H CH2 CH, CH2 H;C H3C H3C (i) Draw the condensed formula for the polymer. (ii) Propose a structure for the monomer from which the polymer was synthesized. I-arrow_forward
- (4) Describe the synthesis of plastic especially polyethylene, 1,1- dichloroethane, and polyvinyl chloridearrow_forward1) (a) What is the difference between homopolymer and copolymer? (b) How can you classify the polymer depending on their skeletal structure?arrow_forward4. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Draw the structure of the repeating unit in a polymer in which the monomer(s) is/are propylene 1,1-dichloroethylene vinyl acetate bisphenol A + phosgene ethylene glycol + terephthalic acid 1,4-chlorobenzene + sodium sulfide (a condensation polymerization affording NaCl)arrow_forward
- (a) What is the standard enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of 1.00 mol of propene with 1.00 mol of hydrogen to yield 1.00 mol of propane. (All gas phase) (b) What is the standard entropy change for the reaction? (c) What is the standard free energy change for the reaction carried out at 400 K? (You cannot use ∆Gfo data from the appendix). (d) Is the reaction spontaneous? (a) (b) (c) (d)arrow_forwardShown below is the ε-caprolactone monomer where the biopolymer polycaprolactone (PCL) is synthesized from. (a) What is the functionality of the monomer? (b) What is polymerization mechanism to produce PCL? (c) Draw the repeating unit of the homopolymer given that the functional group is located at the terminal of the hydrocarbon chainarrow_forwardA major use of Cl2 is in the manufacture of vinyl chloride,the monomer of poly(vinyl chloride). The two-step sequence forformation of vinyl chloride is depicted below.(a) Write a balanced equation for each step. (b) Write the overallequation. (c) What type of organic reaction is shown in step 1?(d) What type of organic reaction is shown in step 2? (e) If eachmolecule depicted in the initial reaction mixture represents0.15 mol of substance, what mass (in g) of vinyl chloride forms?arrow_forward
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