Concept explainers
Use VSEPR theory to answer the following questions:
(a) Which molecule,
(b) Which ion,
(c) Which ion,
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- The structure of caffeine is shown below. (a) Complete the Lewis structure. (b) How many pi bonds are present in caffeine? How many sigma bonds? (c) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atoms. (d) What is the value of the O-C-N angle?arrow_forwardThe Lewis structure of BH2Cl (a) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (b) What is the hybridization of the carbon atom? (c) What is the geometric shape of the molecule?arrow_forward(a) Why do stable xenon fluorides have an even number of F atoms? (b) Why do the ionic species XeF₃⁺ and XeF₇⁻ have odd numbers of F atoms? (c) Predict the shape of XeF₃⁺ .arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction BF3 + NH3 -> F3B-NH3 (a) Describe the changes in hybridization of the B and N atoms as a result of this reaction. (b) Describe the shapes of all the reactant molecules with their bond angles. (c) Draw the overall shape of the product molecule and identify the bond angles around B and N atoms. (d) What is the name of the bond between B and N. (e)Describe the bonding orbitals that make the B and F, B and N & N and H bonds in the product molecule.arrow_forwardThere are two main types of covalent bond breakage. In ho-molytic breakage , each atom in the bond gets one of the shared electrons. In some cases, the electronega-tivity of adjacent atoms affects the bond energy. In heterolytic breakage, one atom gets both electrons and the other gets none;thus, a cation and an anion form. (a) Why is the C−C bond in H₃C−CF₃(423 kJ/mol) strongerthan that in H₃C−CH₃(376 kJ/mol)?(b) Use bond energy and any other data to calculate the heat ofreaction for the heterolytic cleavage of O₂.arrow_forwardChemical species are said to be isoelectronic if they have the same Lewis structure (regardless of charge). Consider these ions and write a Lewis structure for a neutral molecule that is isoelectronic with them. (a) CN–, (b) NH4+ (c) CO3 2–arrow_forward
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- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
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